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 THE ADVISORY COUNCIL OF THE VICTORIA HISTORY His Grace The Duke of Devonshire, K.G. Sir Henry Maxwell-Lyte, K.C.B., M.A., F.S.A., Chancellor of the Vni-versity of Cambridge ETC. His Grace The Duke of Rutland, K.G. '^"P'^ "f"" "'•' ^"'"■'^' His Grace The Duke of Portland, K.G. Col. Sir J. Farquharson, K.C.B. His Grace The Duke of Argyll, K.T. ^ir Jos. Hooker, G.C.S.I., M.D., D.C.L., F.R.S., ETC. The Most Hon. The Marquess of Salisbury, „, ^ iTT^i?nc ^ P Sir Archibald Geikie, LL.D., r.K.b., etc. Chancellor of the Vm-vtTUty af Oxjord ReV. J. ChaRLES CoX, LL.D., F.S.A., ETC. The Rt. Hon. The Earl of Rosebery, K.G., Lionel Cust, Esq., M.A., F.S.A., etc K.T. Director of the National Portrait Gallery The Rt. Hon. The Earl of Coventry Albert C. L. G. Gonther, M.A., M.D., Ph.D., President of the Royal Agricultural Society F.R.S. The Rt. Hon. The Viscount Dillon Pretident of the Linnean Society President of the Society of Anti<juaries Q^^ DuNCAN A. JoHNSTON The Rt. Hon. The Lord Acton Director General of the Ordnance Survey Regius Professor of Modern History, Cambridge ProF. E. Ray LanKESTER, M.A., F.R.S., ETC. The Rt. Hon. The Lord Lister Director of the Nat. Hist. Museum, South Kensington President of the Royal Society REGINALD L. PooLE, EsQ., M.A. Sir Frederick Pollock, Bart., LL.D., F.S.A., Uni-versiiy Lecturer in Diplomatic, Oxford etc. F. York Powell, Esq., M.A., F.S.A., etc. Corpus Professor of jurisprudence, Oxford Regius Professor of Modern History, Oxford Sir Edward Maunde Thompson, K.C.B., D.C.L., i Horace Round, Esq., M.A. LL.D., F.S.A., ETC. ,, _ ^ Director of the British Museum WALTER RyE, tsQ. Sir Clements R.Markham,K.C.B.,F.R.S.,F.S.A. W. H. St. John Hope, Esq., M.A. President of the Royal Geographical Society Assistant Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries General Editor — H. Arthur Doubleday GENERAL ADVERTISEMENT The Victoria History of the Counties of England is a National Survey showing the condition of the country at the present day, and tracing the domestic history of the English Counties back to the earliest times. Rich as every County of England is in materials for local history, there has hitherto been no attempt made to bring all these materials together into a coherent form. There are, indeed, histories of English Counties ; but many of them — and these the best — are exceed- ingly rare and costly ; others are very imperfect ; all are out of date. The Victoria History will trace, county by county, the story of England's growth from its prehistoric condition, through the barbarous age, the settlement of alien peoples, and the gradual welding of many races into a nation which is now the greatest on the globe. All the phases of ecclesiastical history ; the changes in land tenure ; the records of historic and local families ; the history of the social life and sports of the villages and towns ; the develop- ment of art, science, manufactures and industries — all these factors, which tell of the progress of England from primitive beginnings to large and successful empire, will find a place in the work and their treatment be entrusted to those who have made a special study of them. Many archasological, historical and other Societies are assisting in the compilation of this work, and the editor also has the advantage of the active and cordial co-operation of the National Trust, which is doing so much for the preservation of places of historic interest and natural beauty throughout the country. The names of the distinguished men who have joined the Advisory Council are a vii