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 RELIGIOUS HOUSES Creake. Geoffrey, bishop of Ely, nephew of the patroness, consecrated the chapel of the priory in 1221. A bull of Gregory IX (1227-41), ordained that the rule of St. Augustine was to be observed by the canons, and confirmed them in the possession of the great meadow round the monastery, the vills of ' Receresthorp ' and Ilveston, in Lincoln diocese ; various houses, lands, mills, woods, and rents in Norwich diocese ; a mes- suage in the city of London ; and bestowed on them several privileges and immunities. In 1 23 1, Lady Alice having granted the patronage of the priory to the king, Henry III confirmed all its privileges, and sanctioned the priory being changed into an abbey. ^ In 1239 Bishop William de Raleigh confirmed to the abbey the patronage and appropriation of the church of St. Margaret, Habeton, and a moiety of that of All Saints, Wreningham, which had been bestowed during the vacancy of the see, and in 1247 Bishop Walter of Norwich sanctioned the appropriation to the abbey of the church of St. Martin of Quarks. In 1257 a bull of Pope Alexander authorized the appropria- tion of the church of Gateley, which was already in the abbey's gift. This appropriation was con- firmed by the bishop of Norwich in 1259, and a vicarage formally ordained. A deed of confirmation of the various appro- priations held by the abbey, executed by the archbishop of Canterbury in 1 28 1, which is now amongst the Christ's College muniments, has on the back an extent of all the abbey lands, rents, and services. It is therein stated that there were sixteen acres within the precinct walls of the house. In 1286 a jury returned that the abbot of Creake held four fairs at the abbey, namely at the Annunciation, the Translation of St. Thomas, and the festivals of Saints Bartholomew and Nicholas ; these had been granted by Henry III in 1227.' The taxation returns ot 1291 gave the annual value of the temporalities of the abbey in Nor- wich diocese as j^39 bs. od., and in Lincoln diocese as j^20 i s. d. ; and this exclusive of the great tithes of their several appropriated churches. Richard Roulf, who had long served the king, and was incapacitated by age, was sent to the abbey of Creake in 1325 to receive the same maintenance that had been assigned to Adam de Waltham, deceased, at the request of the late king.' In 1 33 1 the abbey received a grant from James de North Creake, chaplain, and William Quarles of a messuage and forty acres of land in South Creake and North Creake, to maintain a chaplain to celebrate daily mass in the abbey for ' Chart. R. 15 Hen. Ill, m. 2. ' Ibid. 1 1 Hen. Ill, pt. i, m. 14. • Close, 19 Edw. Ill, m. 10 d. the faithful departed.'' In the following year William Quarles, in conjunction with Laurence Hemming and Walter de Melford, granted the abbey further lands for a daily mass for their three souls.' Land was also held by the abbey in Gedney, Lincolnshire, by the service of finding a canon to celebrate daily in the chapel of St. Thomas the Martyr, on the site of a messuage formerly belonging to Thomas Dory, and supporting there five paupers, giving them daily a loaf of fifty shillings' weight, broth, and beer, and a por- tion of either meat or fish, and a cloth tunic every other year. This service Margaret, widow of John de Roos, alleged in 1341, had been dis- continued for two years or more by the abbot.* The accounts for the year of Abbot Brandon's death (1360) show that the deceased abbot's copes were converted into money ; his quire cope {capa chore) realized 3/. 4a'. The extant accounts for different years of this century prove that the revenues of this comparatively small house varied from ;^I30 to ;^I40, of which about ;^90 were derived from rents of lands and houses, and the residue from the sale of corn and stock from their own demesnes, from the four quarterly fairs, and from occasional legacies and gifts. The accounts very rarely denote anything that could be termed luxurious living. One shilling was spent on wine and threepence on apples in 1360, but even this was on the occasion of the abbot's funeral, and was proba- bly for guests. Occasionally they accepted pre- sents in kind, but there always seems to have been some return. In 1345—6 twopence and a pair of gloves were given to one bringing capons and mallards to the convent from Congham, and two knives, value id., were given to two girls who brought apples to the abbot. A sad disaster occurred at the beginning of the year 1378, when a great part of the monas- tery was ' petuously burnt,' It was beyond the power of the convent to re-edify, and there was danger of the house falling into extreme desola- tion, and of divine service being withdrawn, or much diminished, unless charitable remedy for their relief could be devised. The abbot ap- pealed to the king as patron of the house, and Richard II, by letters dated 20 February, ' moved with pite,' gave the abbey by way of alms towards the rebuilding the handsome sum of £^0 ly. 4(/., to be paid out of the revenues of the lordship of Fakenham, one half at Easter and the remainder at Michaelmas.' Robert Walsingham was appointed in 1491, and whilst he was abbot extensive rebuildings of the quire and presbytery of the conventual church were in progress or contemplation. Sir • Pat. 5 Edw. Ill, pt. i. m. 33. ' Ibid. 6 Edw. Ill, pt. i, m. 16, • Tear Book 15 Edw. HI (Rolls Ser.), 448-50. ' Harl. MS. 433, fol. 153. 37'