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 A HISTORY OF NORFOLK altar of the cathedral at Avignon, the whole body of cardinals attending except one detained by illness.' The history of the career of William Bateman makes it less surprising than it would otherwise be, that when in 1350 he founded his college of Trinity Hall,^ Cambridge, he, a bishop, should have designed it only for students of canon and civil law. Another Norfolk, college had been instituted in 1348, when Edmund Gonvile, rector of Terrington, had obtained licence to make an endowment for twenty fellows in honour of the Annunciation. Gonvile died before his foundation was fully established, and Bishop Bateman carried out his scheme, removing the college to its present site, and substituting for Gonvile's statutes a selection from those of Trinity Hall, by which the requirement of an almost exclusively theological training was abolished. On 17 September, 1353, the bishop, as founder of the two societies, ratified an agreement of fraternal affection and mutual help between the colleges, precedence, however, being assigned to Trinity.' In 1350 Corpus Christi was founded, and as years went on, received so many benefactions from Norfolk donors, that in Archbishop Parker's time a number of its fellowships were restricted to Norfolk scholars. One way in which the services of the beneficed clergy were supple- mented * was by the foundation of chantries. These began to be generally founded in the thirteenth century, though some were provided even earlier, and they continued a very popular form of foundation until the Reformation. Most of the larger parish churches contained one or more chantry altars with their special vestments and vessels and attendant priests, who took part also in the ordinary services of the church, and some of the religious houses main- tained them too. Their endowments were often very rich. Chantries and free chapels, distinct from those in parish churches, had begun to be founded also in outlying parishes, and in the fourteenth century, when they had become everywhere more common, they were particularly numerous in Norfolk. The Black Death may have contributed to this result, and the papal calendars from the year 1349^ show a largely increased demand in Norfolk, not only for licences to found chantries, but also for portable altars, and a great increase of applications for plenary remission at the hour of death. The free chapel dedicated to the honour of St. Thomas at Tylney * was founded by Sir Thomas de Ingaldesthorp in the time of King John ; a free chapel dedicated to the honour of St. Margaret, called the Pilgrim's Chapel, was founded by Sir John de Caily before 1207 at Hilburgh ; ^ the chapel and chantry in Caley's lordship dedicated to the honour of St. Mary, was founded by Jeffrey de Heacham at Smithden in 1248 ; ° a free chapel dedicated to the honour of St. Andrew or St. Mary was founded by Sir Thomas de Gelham, and licensed by the prior of Bynham, at Dersingham, in 1264;' a free chapel and chantry dedicated to the honour of All Saints was founded at Gissing in 'Robert of Boston, Chron. Angl. (Rolls Ser.), 135. Cal. Papai Petitions, i, 246-7 shows him in '35 3 petitioning for further appointments for his underwritten nephews, Henry de VVinterton, skilled in the law, rur.il dein of Lynn ; John de Wintcrton, rurjl dean of Hengham ; William de Winterton, rural dean of Sudbiiry ; Henry de Brandon, rural dean of Ingworth ; and for his domestic chaplain, William de Honyngg, and his clerk, Wm. Rede of Tudenham, B.C.L. ' Dedicated to the ' Holy Trinity of Norwich,' i.e. the cathedral dedication. ' Cooper, Memorials of Cambridge, i, 99. ' Stephen, Hist, of the Engl. Ch., iii, 271. ' See Preface, Cal. Pafal Letters, iii, vi. « Tajlor, InJex Momsticus, 67. ' Ibid. 5 Ibid. ' Ibid. 242