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 RELIGIOUS HOUSES A fine seal of this hospital is attached to a charter of 1559/* It represents St. John the Baptist, his head surrounded by a nimbus. The saint stands on a mount replenished with herbage and flowers ; he holds in his left hand the Agnus Dei and a banner flag and points to the lamb with his right. In the field on the left is a Tudor rose ; on the right a portcullis, chained and ringed ; above these two sprigs. Legend : — s'. coe. magistri. et. capellanorv. hos [pital] is SAVOYE 28. WHITTINGTON'S HOSPITAL A hospital was founded in 1424 by the executors of Richard Whittington' for thirteen poor persons, who were to live in a house built for them to the east of the church of St. Michael Paternoster and next to the dwelling of the chaplains of Whittington College. The thir- teen were to be citizens of London, preferably members of the Mercers' Company, or inferior ministers of Whittington College who could no longer fulfil their duties, and it was an essential condition to their election ^ and continuance as inmates ' that they should have no other means of subsistence. They were to live in separate apartments within the house, but were to have their meals together. Their dress was to be of seemly form and dark in colour. One of their number called the tutor was to have the rule and administration of the house, and his superior position was marked by his receiving a weekly allowance of I bd. instead of the i i^d. * allotted to each of the others, and by a relaxation in his case of the rule ' prohibiting absence from the hospital. Certain religious duties were pre- scribed : the almsmen had all to be present at the daily services in St. Michael's Paternoster Royal, and had to pray for the souls of Whittington and Alice his wife, and after high mass they were to assemble round Whittington's tomb and recite the De Profundis ; private devotions were also enjoined. The mayor of London was supervisor of the house, but it was with the wardens of the Mercers' Company that the care "Add. Chart. 385. ' Pat. 10 Hen. VI, pt. 2, m. 5, per Inspex. printed in Dugdale, Mon. Angl. vi, 744-6. ' No one of the livery of any company was to be admitted. ' If any of them inherited property worth 5 marks clear a year, he was not to remain in the hospital. charter provides that if one of the members is attacked by leprosy he is to be removed to another place, but to receive 14a'. a week, and his place in the hospital is not to be filled, this sum appears to have been the usual allowance. Dugdale, op. cit. vi, 746. ' He was not to be absent for twelve days without leave of the conservators, but the others could not be absent one whole day without his leave. Ibid. of the foundation mainly rested : out of every seven vacancies among the poor men they ap- pointed six times, the master of Whittington Col- lege once, and they chose the tutor ; an inventory of the movables of the house had to be made every year and shown to them, and the seal of the hospital could not be used without their leave. The connexion between the hospital and the college must have been close from the first, and doubtless grew closer as in course of time former clerks of the college became pensioners in the hospital. Indeed, from a report made in 1538 about the feeling in the houses^ it would be im- possible to gather that they were two separate institutions, the tutor being mentioned as if like the choristers he belonged to the college. It is evident that this man, William Gibson, held strongly to the old opinions, for he said openly that ' the northern men rose in a good quarrel and that he trusted to see a new day.' Most of his fellows, however, were of the opposite party and ' were so weary of such communications that they were ready to go out of the house.' This house of charity was not abolished at the Reformation, and in the eighteenth century still existed in the place where it had been founded, the men and women receiving then a pension of 31. od. a week, and new clothes every three years.' In 1823 the Mercers' Company acquired some land in the parish of Islington and there built a chapel and thirty houses to accommodate a chaplain, a matron, and twenty-eight almswomen.* Tutors of Whittington's Hospital Robert Chesterton, appointed in 1424' William Gibson, occurs 1538 ^^ 29. MILBOURNE'S ALMSHOUSES The foundation of Sir John Milbourne re- sembled Whittington's Hospital in some ways. The almshouses were built in 1535 "^ on land bought by Milbourne of the Crossed Friars, and were intended for thirteen poor men and their wives, if they were married, members of the Drapers' Company, to whom the endowment, consisting of property in London, was entrusted. The poor men were to come every day to the conventual church, and to say the De Profundis^ paternoster, ave, creed and collect for the benefit of the founder, his wife, children, and friends. The almshouses remained on the original site until 1862, when the Drapers' Company built new ones at Tottenham.^ ' Maitland, Hist, of Lond. 1325. iv, 41. ' Dugdale, Mon. Angl. vi, 744. '" L. and P. Hen. VIII, xiii (2), 1202. ' Stow, Suw. of Lond (ed. Strype), ii, 7?. ' Lond. and Midd. Arch. Soc. 'Trans, iii, 138-42. 549
 * The patent says d., but as in another place the
 * L. and P. Hen. VIII, xiii (2), 1202.
 * C/V>' of London Livery Companies' Com. Rep. ii, 58 ;