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 RELIGIOUS HOUSES Thomas de Whapelad, occurs 1303 *' William de Querle, occurs 1324 ** and 1330^ John Malberthorpe, occurs 1369'* Robert, occurs 1391 " and 1393"* John Bruyle, occurs 1398'* William Russell, occurs 1425*' John Alen, S.T.P.^» John Kyrie, occurs 1440" and 1458,'" died 1474" William Goddard, the younger, died 1485°* James Walle, died 1494 '^ Andrew, occurs 1498 °° Walter Goodfield, f. I 5 1 1 (?) " Henry Standish, D.D."'* James Cutler, S.T.P.,^^ occurs 15 14, 15 15, andi5i8i«'' Thomas Cudner, occurs 1526^" and 1534^°^ Thomas Chapman, S.T.D., surrendered the house 1539'"' There is a seal of this friary of the four- teenth century.^'** It is a pointed oval in shape, and bears a representation of a carved corbel on which stand two saints, a tree with several birds being between them. They hold up a shrine with trefoiled canopy and three ^ Cal. of Pat. 1 301-7, p. 108. " Cal. of Close, 1330-3, p. 132. ^ Monum. Francisc. (Rolls Ser.), i, 521. " Cal. of Pat. 1388-92, p. 522. ''' Sharpe, Cal. of Letter Bk. H, 390. He is here called Robert Hyndone. ^ Wilkins, Concilia, iii, 438. " In Cott. MS. Vitell. F. xii, fol. 277, he is said to have been sometime warden. Mr. Litlle thinks that he may be the John Alien, B.D., of Cambridge, who was incorporated B.D. of Oxford I Dec. 1459. " Little, op. cit. 265 ; Anct. D. (P.R.O.), c. 1479. »» Anct. D. (P.R.O.), A. 113 14. " Cott. MS. Vitell. F. xii, fol. 2j-]b. " Ibid. fol. 282^. Little, op. cit. 263. »^ Cott. MS. Vitell. F. xii, fol. 290. "' Harl. Chart. 44, F. 47. =" Hediedini52l. Cott. MS. Vitell. F. xii, fol. 277^. This MS. only says he was sometime warden. Mr. Little shows, op. cit. 127, that he must have held the post after 1 5 i o. Of course he may occur after Cu tier. '* Little, op. cit. 112. If he was warden shortly before 1 5 i 5 it might account for the mistake in Keil- wey's Reports (L. i?«i/ /". Hen. Fill, ii (i), 1313), where he is called warden though Cutler then held the office. Standish was provincial at that date (Rec. of Corp. of Lond. Letter Bk. M. fol. 237), and became bishop of St. Asaph in 15 18. L. and P. Hen. fill, ii (2), 4074 and 4083. ^ Rec. of Corp. of Lond. Letter Bk. M. fol. 224,2 37. ""Ibid. Repert. i, fol. 13. According to Cott. Vitell. F. xii, fol. 276^, he died 1530, but Mr. Little, op. cit. 126, makes it evident that the wardens did not hold office for life. "" L. and. P. Hen. Fill, iv (3), 5870 (6). ™ Ibid, vii, 665. '»' Ibid, xiii (2), 808. '" B.M. Seals, Ixviii, 39. spires, each topped with a cross. In the shrine is a saint seated on a throne and holding in the right hand a sword, in the left a book. The background is diapered lozengy with a small star in each space. Legend : SIGI VS . FRATRVM LONDONIAR MIN Only a fragment remains of the large red seal used by the receiver in 1498.'"* It represents a shield of arms of the city of London. The legend is wanting. 13. THE WHITE FRIARS The house of the Carmelites or White Friars-' in Fleet Street was founded by Sir Richard Gray, knt., in 1241,' and thirteen years after- wards was of such importance that a general chapter of the order was held there.' The site was good owing to its proximity to the City and to the river, the main road between London and Westminster. Like all urban or suburban situations in mediaeval times, however, it must have left much to be desired as regards healthi- ness, considering that in 1290 many of the friars died owing to their unsanitary surround- ings.* The neighbourhood, perhaps because of its being outside the City gates, soon had other drawbacks, and in 1345 the friars complained that they were impeded in the celebration of divine worship by the brawls of people of bad character in the adjoining lane." The temptations and risks to which religious houses were exposed from the deposit of treasure there are illustrated hy the robbery at the White Friars in 1305.° The robbers came after the hoard of a certain knight, and were helped by one of the friars. The prior and brethren were bound, and the sum of ;^400 was carried ofF by the robbers and their accomplice, who was afterwards caught and hanged. This incident argues that the house was already of some standing, but its importance increased greatly after the fall of the Templars, when, with the neighbouring priory of the Black Friars, it succeeded to the position hitherto held by the Temple as a centre for the transaction of affairs of state. The Chancery was established ■»> Harl. Chart. 44, F. 47. ' Pope Martin IV changed the cloak of the Car- melites, which before had been of various colours, to white. Walsingham, Hist. Angl. (Rolls Ser.), i, 20. ^ Stow, S»/f. of Lond. (Strype's ed.), iii, 267. ' Villiers de St. Etienne, Bibl. Carmel. i, 623. plaint of the White Friars, the m.iyor and sheriffs were ordered to have a lane cleared of filth. Sharpe, Cal of Letter Bk. H, 16. ' Cal. of Close, 1343-6, p. 544. " Flor. Hist. (Rolls Ser), iii, 128 ; Ciron. ofEdw. I and Edw. 11 (Rolls Ser.), 144. 507
 * Rymer, Yoedera (Rec. Com.), ii (i), 551,
 * ' Monum. Francisc. i, 523.
 * Pari R. (Rec. Com.), i, 61. In 1375, on com-