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 A HISTORY OF LONDON order was issued, as seems most likely, by Inno- cent III in 1200,^* it would largely account for the use of the New Temple as a place of deposit for royal treasure which could be drawn upon as necessary. The other function of a bank performed by the New Temple, the advance of money, was made possible by the accumulation there of the revenues of the order in England. John had continual transactions of this kind with the Temple : ^^ in 121 2 he had 10,000 marks from which he directed sums to be paid out,"* in 1 213 he deposited 20,000 marks there,^ while in 12 15 Aymeric, master of the Temple, lent him 1,100 marks to obtain troops from Poitou.^* Nor did John's dealings with the Templars end here : he had as almoner a Templar, Roger,-' who in 12 15 had charge of business ^^ not usually associated with his office ; Aymeric, the master, was sent by him as his envoy to Normandy in 1204  ; a Templar and a Hospitaller were employed in a similar capacity in 1205 ^^ ; it was at the preceptory of Ewell that he made his submission to the pope,^' on which occasion Aymeric supplied him with the gold mark for the offering '^ ; and he was resid- ing at the New Temple when the barons made their demands ^' which led to the granting of Magna Charta at Runnymede, where Aymeric again figures as one of the king's supporters. Naturally, John made several gifts to the order which he found so useful. The confirmation of their privileges in the first year of his reign can hardly be reckoned in this category, seeing that they paid for it ^^1,000," but apart from this he gave to the Templars the isle of Lundy,'* land at Huntspill and Cameley before 1203,'' Hare- wood,'"' ' Radenach,' *' and some houses in Northampton in 1215.** " Cott. MS. Nero, E. vi, fol. 57. It is in the third year of the pontificate of Pope Innocent. If this is Innocent III the date would be 1 200 ; if Innocent IV 1245- " The money due to Queen Berengaria was sent to the Temple and paid out to her envoys there. Cal. of Pat. 1216—25, P- 243- ^^^ ^1^° Hardy, Rot. de Liberate (Rec. Com.), 8, where money owing to Queen Eleanor is to be sent to Aymeric, master of the Temple, 2 Nov. 1200. ^^ Rot. Lit. Claus. (Rec. Com.), i, 1 24, 1 34. -' Ry mcr, Foedera (ed. 1737), i (l), 56. -» Rot.Lit. Claus. {Ktc.Com}),,^^l^. " Ibid, i, 230. '" It w.as chiefly to do with ships, see ibid. 231^, 233'^, 234> 236^. &c. " Yldixdiy,Rot.de Liberate (Rec. Com.), 81. '- Rot. Lit. Claus. (Rec. Com.), i, 27^. " Addison, op. cit. 152. " Rot. Lit. Claus. (Rec. Com.), i, 148^. " Matt. Paris, Chron. Maj. (Rolls Ser.), ii, 584. ^ Ibid, ii, 589. " Hardy, Rot. de Oblai. and Fin. (Rec. Com.), 1 3. '^ Dugdale, Mon. Angl. vi, 842. " Hardy, Rot. de Liberate (Rec. Com.), 66. " Rot. Lit. Claus. (Rec. Com.), i, 227. The relations of Henry III with the Templars are in a greater degree those of his father. Through the New Temple was paid in instal- ments the money due to Louis of France,^' and there were deposited 500 marks for the expedi- tion to Poitou** in 1 22 1 and for 'the good men of Rupella'^* in 1232, and sums for similar purposes in 1224^^ and 1225,*' while the king obtained loans*' from the Temple as occasion arose. The house acted indeed as the royal treasury,^ the king's wardrobe being located there in 1225.^ The master of the Temple," Alan Marcell, was employed by the king in negotia- tions abroad in 1224, and Robert de Sanford, master in 1236, was one of those sent by the king to escort Eleanor of Provence to England '^ ; Thomas, a Templar," was in charge of the king's great ship in 1225 and 1226, and another Templar was acting as the king's almoner in 1 24 1.'* Henry had such a high opinion of the order that at one time he intended to be buried in the New Temple," where he established in 1231a chantry of three chaplains with an income of ^8 a year.'* In the eleventh year of his reign he had confirmed all grants made to the Templars with sac and soc, tol and team, &c., exempting them from sheriflfe' aids, hidage, carucage, danegeld, &c., waste, regard and view of foresters, from tolls in markets and fairs throughout his realm, and granting them the amercements of their men." He gave to them also a wood in Carlton called Kingswood,'* and the manor and advowson of ' Roel.' " The king was present with a number of the chief persons of the kingdom when, in 1240, the new part of the Temple church was dedicated.'" Relaxation of penance had before this time'^ been offered to those visiting the church, some of the " Ibid. 1,41 5, and Cal.of Pat. 1216-25, p. 284. " Cal. of Pat. 1216-25, p. 303. " Rot. Lit. Claus. (Rec. Com.), i, 471 3. " Cal. of Pat. 1216-25, p. 523. " Ibid. 1216-25, pp. 537» 544, S46;^«/. Lit. Claus. (Rec. Com.), i, 479, 612. " Cal. of Pat. 1225-32, p. 466. '" Ibid. 1216-25, p. 505- " Rot. Lit. Claus. (Rec. Com.), i, 626. " Matt. Paris, Chron. Maj. (Rolls Ser.), iii, 335. " Rot. Lit. Claus. (Rec. Com.), ii, 33, 98, 112. " Matt. Paris, Chron. Maj. iv, 88. " Cal. of Chart. ^.1,135,211. Eleanor of Provence expressed the same wish, see Dugdale, op. cit. vi, 818. ""• Cal. of Chart. R., 135 ; Cal. of Pat. 1225-32, P- 439- " Dugdale, op. cit. vi, 844. fol. 28. '' Cal. of Chart. R.,z. ^ Matt. Paris, Chron. Maj. (Rolls Ser.), iv, 11. " H., archbishop of Canterbury, who offered an indulgence of this kind, was probably Hubert, 1189- 1207. That of Wm. bishop of London, is dated 1205. Cott. MS Nero, E. vi, fol. 2b. 486
 * ' Ibid. 1,183^. "Ibid. 1,196.
 * ' Ibid. 1225-32, p. 54.
 * « 20 March, i Hen. Ill, Cott. MS. Nero, C. ix,