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 ROMANO-BRITISH LONDON recovered from the site, but no unburnt burials are mentioned, and the probable conclusion is that the burial-ground was closed at a comparatively early- date, and the site subsequently inhabited down to the middle of the fourth century. The significance of a Roman burial-ground within the line of the City wall as we know it will be discussed in relation to the extent of the earliest Roman settlement in London ; and as the method of interment is now under consideration, we may pass to other examples of burial in a lead canister during the first century. To the same type belongs a cylindrical specimen found on the site of Messrs. Watney, Combe, Reid & Co.'s former brewery near the north end of Endell Street, Holborn (Plan A, 31), full of burnt human bones and contain- ing also two coins of Vespasian (69-79)." ^^ ^^ now in the national collection with two others of a slightly different form, having the neck contracted and a smaller lid. One of these was found in Fenchurch Street, 1833 (Plan A, 32),*'' and the other is probably of London origin, but its history is unknown. A pair of this pattern was found in a cist of tiles at Enfield" in 1902, only 18 in. distant from a leaden coffin bearing the curious scallop- shell ornament found only in this part of Britain ; and another cist of lead containing a cinerary was found in Broad Street during 1872.*^^ Cinerary urns found below or adjoining Roman buildings in London may belong to a time when the sites in question were still unoccupied ; and special mention must now be made of such cases as bearing on the extent of the earliest Roman settlement of London. Roach Smith has some useful remarks on such finds : — It must have been the result of long and prosperous settlement to extend the City from Blackfriars to the Tower in length and from the Thames to Moorfields in width. That this was accomplished by degrees, I think is proved by the strong evidence of funereal interments. These have been often discovered in situations the most incompatible with the existence of dwelling-houses at the period of sepulture, and with the habits and customs of the Romans. In many instances have urns containing bones been found contiguous to and even under the remains of houses. The latter doubtless had been erected long posterior to the deposit of the former, which must have been made at a period when the site selected was at a considerable distance from what then constituted the Town, the well-known prudence and delicacy of the Romans forbidding the inhumation of the dead near the abodes of the living."" It is unfortunate for more than one reason that the exact site of the dis- coveries in Queen Street (Plan A, 33) is not recorded, but at some point ' between Thames Street and Watling Street five cinerary urns' (one at least of which contained bones), remains of a tessellated pavement and of a massive wall were all found during excavations for a sewer in 1842." The associa- tion here is certainly not so close as at St. Dunstan's-in-the-East, where in 1824 urns are said to have been found under a tessellated pavement, but in " Proc. Soc. Jntiq. (Ser. 2.), ii, 376, where the coins are incorrectly attributed to Severus. "According to plans in the City Engineer's Offices, sewerage works were in progress along Fenchurch Street between Mark Lane and Gracechurch Street during 1833, and as houses were found near the end of Mincing Lane and further westward (Gent. Mag. 1834, i, 156 ; jirch. xxix, 153), the burial was no doubt farther east, and is so marked. The same applies to a cinerary urn of pottery in the British Museum found in the same street during 1833. " Proc. Soc. Jntiq. xix, 208 (fig.) ; coffin, p. 206. "* Guildhall Cat. p. 93, 326, with slip-ware vase (pi. xlii, 14). '"' Arch, xxix, 1 46. " Gent. Mag. 1843, i, 21. II