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 A HISTORY OF LONDON In the year of the Restoration such of the clergy of St. Paul's as were still living returned to their places ; and successors to the others were appointed.-*" Dr. Annesley was at first suffered to continue his ministrations ; but with- in a year or two he was removed, and the duty of providing lecturers returned to the dean and chapter.^'* In 1663 Charles II confirmed the charter of the cathedral.-*- The building, which had needed so grave repairs before the Civil War, was now in want of very extensive restoration. A commission for this end was issued in 1663, and the revenues arising from unappropriated church possessions which remained with govern- ment officials after the Act of Indemnity, together with all moneys still in the hands of the trustees appointed in 1649, were devoted to it.-*^ In 1666 the great fire of London ended the history of the fabric of Old St. Paul's."* It had been built by the initiative of the bishops of London, and by the efforts of the Church ; by enterprise that was, to some extent, more than national. After the fire of 1666 the dean and chapter laid aside a portion of their revenue for the building of New St. Paul's ; -'* the bishop exhorted to liberality in an ad- dress,-*^ and individuals responded by gifts and bequests."*' But the work was begun and mainly carried through by the secular government. Money was raised by a collection made on letters patent of Charles II, and b)' a grant of commu- tations of penances and of fines and forfeitures on the Green Wax.-'* Otherwise, of ^^427, 847 which had been received in 1700, ^^368, 144 was the outcome of the duties on coals."' On Midsummer Day, 1675, the first stone was laid. Morning Prayer Chapel was opened in 1690 ; and the choir on the day of thanksgiving for the Peace of Ryswick, when a special prayer for the New Work was added to the service by the king's order.°^° In 17 10 the exterior of the cathedral was completed ; ^-* Sir Christopher Wren deputed his son to lay the highest stone of the lantern. ^-^ Within, the work continued : a commission for the finishing of the cathedral was issued in 1715."^ "" Le Neve, Fasti (ed. 1716), 185, 194, 197, 198, 201, 204. '" Ca/. S.P. Dom. 1 66 1 -2, p. 202. '" Ibid. 1663-4, p. i88- '" Ibid. 115. "* Pepys' Diary (ed. 1880), ii, 396 ; Diaiy of J. Evelyn (ed. 1879), ii, 199, &:c. '" Cal. S.P. Dom. 1667-8, p. 557. "* Stow, Surv. of Lond. (ed. Strype), iii, 152. '" Will! from Doctors' Commons {Cumden See), 122, 136. "• Lambeth MS. 670. '" S/arufes of Realm, v, 673 ; vi, 15 ; vii, 205 ; vlii, 173 »" Lamtjeth MS. 670. "' Ibid, ix, 475. " C. & S. Wren, Parentalia, 293. Dugdale, Hist, of St. PauPs (ed. Ellis), 174. The internal history of the house begins with a statement by Bede in his 'Ecclesiastical History' that in the church of St. Paul Bishop Mellitusand his successors ' had their place.' -'* Arguments from analogy make it hardly doubtful that the clergy of St. Paul's were in the first instance the servants of the bishop, who ministered in the bishop's church. But before the Norman Con- quest they had left such a condition so far behind them that they held the property of the cathedral apart from the bishop ; and they had reached that considerably advanced stage in corporate existence which admits of common ownership. The spurious Anglo-Saxon charters of the cathedral show the probable modification of their position to be traditional. That of King Ethel- bert grants land to Mellitus ' to have and to hold that it may remain to the monastery of St. Paul for ever ' ; "^ and Cnut's charter ^-* reverts to this old form and confirms to Bishop Aelfwin the lands of St. Paul's. But the charters of Athelstan,-^ Edgar,--* and Edward "' the Con- fessor are addressed to the ' monastery.' Of the accredited charters that of Cnut "^^ alludes to the possessions of the priests of the ' monastery ' ; and that of Edward "" the Confessor bestows free tenure of their property on ' his priests in the church of Saint Paul.' Finally the Domesday Survey discovers that ' in the time of King Edward' the canons were tenants in chief of the king in seven places, while in thirteen they held of the bishop the lands of the cathedral. "'- It is certain that in the end of the tenth century the church of St. Paul was served by a body of clergy who were able to hold property in common, and who derived their food from a common source. For there exists a grant of Queen Egelfleda to the ' monastery,' ' for the living of the brothers who there serve God.' ^" There is no evidence that the cathedral clergy ever lived in one building; from iioi there "' Bede, Ecei. Hist. lib. viii, cap. iii. "» Dugdale, Hist, of St. PauFs, 181. "^ Ibid. «' Ibid. "' Ibid. »' Ibid. "° Kemble, CoJe.x Dip!. 13 19. "' Ibid. 387. "' The canons were tenants in chief before the Conquest in Essex, in Chingford, Belchamp St. P.iul's, Wickham St. Paul's, and the manor of Aedulvesnesa which lay in Kirby le Sokcn, Thorpe le Soken, and Walton on the Naze ; in Hertfordshire, in Ardeley, LufFenhall in Ardeley parish, and Sandon. They were tenants of the bishop in Twyford, Harlesden, Totten- ham, the parish of St. Pancras, Islington, Stoke New- ington, Staines, Drayton, Rugmere (the later name of a prebend whose corps Liy in the parish of St. Pan- cras), and Willesden ; and as such had two and a half hides in Stepney and ten cottars ' at the gate of the bishop.' The manor of Fulham is entered in Domes- day among the lands held of the bishop, but is stated to be an ancient possession of the canons held by them of the king {Dom. Bk. ii, 126 ; i, 127 & 136). 418
 * ^ Kemble, Codex Dipl. 1222.