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 A HISTORY OF LONDON rendered necessary the existence of a substitute who can only have lacked the title of his office. Hence must have arisen the confusion which appears in the cathedral list. Vitalis was not protected by the king, who granted his canonry and prebend to Roger of Northburgh.^"' Finally the pope authorised his exchange of benefices with John of Everdon, who became dean in 1322 or 1323.''*' There was another instance of suc- cessful resistance to papal aggression in I3I7' The pope provided Vitalis, cardinal of St. Mar- tin's in the Mountains, to a prebend in St. Paul's.'*" The dean and chapter obtained from the king a prohibition to publish the grant, and thus incurred excommunication.'*'* In the follow- ing year they bought from the proctor of Vitalis, with five hundred Florentine florins, a concession that they should not be molested in the matter of the disputed prebend."*' Again in 1 321 the archdeaconry of London, to which Elias Talley- randi, brother of the count of Perigord, had been provided, was held by Richard of Haston.'"^'^ A papal mandate ordered restitution and was obeyed.'*^ At least ten other dignities and pre- bends were conferred by the pope in the reign of Edward 11.'"* Under Edward III there were certainly eigh- teen provisions before 1346."" In 1328 both the bishop and the pope presented to the prebend of Brondesbury ; the nominees collided, and there ensued a brawl which brought the church under an interdict for five days.'"* Many provisions were made at the king's request. In the life- time of Dean Gilbert Bruere, who is said to have served four cardinals of the Roman church for thirty-four years,"' the pope reserved to himself the presentation to the deanery, and he appointed Richard of Kilmington to it in 1353."" John of Appleby, who became dean in 1364, also owed his office to a papal grant.'" Under Richard II Thomas of Evrere was provided to the deanery in 1389."* The history of the building of St. Paul's in this century is chiefly concerned with the diocese of London. The pope granted in 1306 a release of certain periods of penance to all who visited the cathedral on the feast of St. Paul and the following days ; '" Bishop John Salmon of Norwich, in 1303, and Bishop Thomas Hatfield of Durhn.Ti, in 1345,"^ urged contribution to the New Work in letters hortatory ; like appeals were issued by Roger Mortival, bishop of Salis- bury, in 1 3 16, for the repair of the Old Work ; and by Simon, cardinal, in 137 1, for repairs in general.'" But in the diocese of London there was greater activity. It was ordained in 1 300 that all offerings in the cathedral should be assigned to the completion of the New Work."* Ralph Baldock, while he was bishop of London from 1306 to 1 3 13, gave two marks every year to this object ; '" he promised an indulgence to all who contributed to the repairs of the Old Work.'^ His successor, Gilbert Segrave, and all the clergy of London urged on the people the necessity of providing for the restoration of the bell tower.'-' For this purpose exclusively, under Bishop Richard Newport, in 1320, col- lections were ordered to be made in all churches within the jurisdiction of the see, and on every Sunday /'■- The whole church was elaborately measured in 1 313 ; and Gilbert Segrave dedicated altars in the New Work to the Virgin, St. Thomas the Martyr, and St. Dunstan."' In 1327 the choir was moved to the New Work, and mass was first celebrated at the great altar on All Saints' Day.'-^ The high altar and two collateral altars were consecrated by Bishop Richard Bintworth to the glory of the saints Paul, Ethelbert, and Mellitus. This bishop loved the church and the City, and was present in the cathedral on all saints' days ; in conse- quence he received great honour.'*' Peter, bishop of Corbavia, consecrated a bell in 1331.'^ In 1332 the mayor and aldermen granted to the master of the New Work exemption from liability to be put on assizes and juries. '"^ To- wards the end of the fourteenth century the people appear to have grown less careful of their church. The commission issued by Edward III, in 1370, reproaches the bishop with neglect of its buildings.'-* In 1385 Bishop Robert Bray- brook complains of the unseemly behaviour of the people. By buying and selling they had made of the cathedral a public market. They threw stones at the rooks and pigeons in the church, and they played at ball and other games, to the detriment of the windows and images. On pain of excommunication the delinquents were ordered to mend their ways within ten days.'"* "" Cal. of Pap. Letters, "" Ibid, ii, 155. 188. '"Ibid, ii, 225. "" Ibid, ii, 169. '" Hist. MSS. Com. Rtp. ix, App. i, 654. "* Cal. of Pap. Letters, ii, 211. "" Ibid, ii, 231. "® Ibid, ii, 124-276; Lend. Epis. Reg. B.ildotk, fol. 21. '"' Cal. of Pap. Letters, ii, 281-410 ; iii, 50-423. "•' Chron. of Edw. I and Ediv. 11 (Rolls Ser.), i, 340. '" Cal. of Pap. Letters, iii, 246. "- Ibid, iii, 428. '" Le Neve, Fasti (ed. 17 16), i S4. •" Ibid. 189. "' Cal. cj Pap. Letters, ii, 17. "' Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. ix, App. i, 42. 117 IIB Dugdale, Hist, of St. PauPs, 14. Lond. Epis. Reg. Baldock, and Gravescnd, fol. 205. "» Ciroit. of Edzv. I and Edtv. 11 (Rolls Ser.), i, 277- '™ Lond. Epis. Reg. Baldock and Gravesend, fol. 16. '" Ibid. fol. 35. '" Ibid. fol. 47. '" Ctron. of Edtv. 1 and Edw. 11 (Rolls Ser.), i, 277- '" Ibid, i, 338. '" Ibid, i, 368. "« Ibid, i, 383. '" Sharpe, Cal. of Letter Bk. E, 264. "» Reg. S. Pauti (ed. W. S. Simpson), bk. 2, iii. '■' Lond. Epis. Reg. Braybrook, fol. 330. 414