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 A HISTORY OF LONDON number of the clergy of London, and possibly formed in self-defence against the encroachments of the friars and other intruders ; it bears little resemblance to su:h fraternities of the clergy as the Gild of the Kalendars at Bristol.-"* After the settlement in London of the various orders of friars, there was a long period of inactivity in the founding of religious houses in London, the only new foundations between 1254 and 1331 being the hospital of St. Giles Cripplegate and the priory of the Minoresses. In the next fifty years, however, live colleges, one hospital, and the Cistercian abbey of St. Mary Graces were founded ; of these the hospital and three colleges were due to the initiative of citizens ; the rest, like most of the earlier group of monastic establishments, to that of the king,''*' St. Martin le Grand and Westminster Abbey had their exemption from the bishop's authority confirmed in 13 13 and 1332 respectively.^'" In 1354 the bishop tried to establish his claim to jurisdiction over St. Alphage, one of the churches in the patronage of the former, but the court decided that the bishop had only exercised such jurisdiction through the negligence of the deans of St. Martin's, which could not prejudice the royal rights, and that St. Martin's and the churches annexed belonged to the king alone. ^'^ During the 14th and 15th centuries many parish churches were appropriated to religious houses. In 1322 licence was granted for the appropriation of St. Olave Jewry and St. Stephen Coleman Street to theii; patron, the prior and convent of Butley, on the death or resignation of the rector ; a vicarage with a proper portion was to be ordained. ■'* St. Mary Aldermanbury was appropriated in 1331 to Elsing Spital, the mastership of the hospital and the rectorship of the church being held as one benefice."" In 1335 the church of St. Laurence was appropriated to the college founded by Sir John Pulteney therein,-'* and in 1336, on account of the poverty of the college, the bishop granted licence for the appropriation to it also of the church of All Hallows the Less, One of the chaplains was to serve the church, the ordination of a vicarage being thought to be too great a burden on the college.-'^ In 1367, on account of the poverty of St. Mary Graces, the bishop appropriated to that convent the church of All Hallows Staining, which was to be served by a monk from the convent or by a secular priest removable at pleasure. *"' The abbess and convent of Barking obtained leave in 1385 to appropriate All Hallows Barking, and a vicarage was shortly afterwards ordained in the church. ^'^ In 1385 licence was also granted for the prior and convent of Alnwick to appropriate the church of St. Dunstan in the West, in consideration of their impoverishment by the lieges of the king on his expedition to Scotland. The church was records of Bristol. With reference to the London confederation see Mr. G. Unwin's London Gilds and Companies. '*' See article on ' Religious Houses ' in this volume. ^ Cal. Close, I 313-18, p. 84 ; Cal. Pat. 1330-34, p. 386. '" D. and C. Westm. Cart, of St. Martin le Grand, no. 13 167. '" Lond. Epis. Reg. Bravbrook, fol. 203. "' D. and C. St. Paul's, 'a. box 16, no. 1226. Rymer, Foed. (Rec. Com.), ii, 841 ; Cal. Pat. 1334-S, p. 60 ; Cal. of Papal Letters, u, 383. D. and C. St. Paul's, A. box I, no. 1171 ; Cal. Pat. 1334-8, p. 308. Lond. Epis. Reg. Sudbury, fol. 5. Cal. Pat. 1385-g, p. 43 ; Newcourt, Repert. i. No ordination of this vicamge has been found. In 1485 licence was granted for the rector of All Hallows Barking to grant a rent of ^^15 from himself and his church to the Abbess of Barking ; Cal. Pat. 1476-85, p. 470. 204 S9« S95 296 J97
 * ' Toulmin Smith, Engl. Gilds, pp. Ixxxviii, 287. This w.is an association for preserving the ancient