Page:VCH Leicestershire 1.djvu/438

 A HISTORY OF LEICESTERSHIRE served continuously until the Suppression Act of 1547. Only one of the Leicestershire chantries 74 appears to have maintained a school, yet these were in no sense selfish bequests ; the men who thus strove to secure the offering of masses for their souls after death knew that they had a right to grateful remembrance for providing their parish church or chapel with an additional priest, and often with the means of repairing an old altar or fur- nishing a new one. The gilds are usually considered more interesting than the chantries. Of these half-social, half-religious foundations Leicestershire certainly had a goodly number ; they came into existence for the most part about the time of the great pestilence. In the town of Leicester itself ten are known to have existed, the gilds of Corpus Christi, founded about 1 343," St. Mary in I346, 76 St. John in 1355," St. Michael about I36i, 78 St. Margaret before 1382," St. George, 80 St. Thomas, 81 St. Katherine, 83 the Holy Cross, 83 and the Holy Trinity, 8 * all existing before 1419. At Loughborough in the four- teenth century there were at least five. The gilds of Jesus, Corpus Christi, St. Mary, St. Katherine, and St. George. 85 There was a gild of the Holy Cross at Market Harborough, 86 a gild at Lutterworth, 87 and a gild of the Holy Trinity at Tilton. 88 A careful search in wills of this period would doubtless reveal many more. To the close of the fourteenth century belongs that outbreak of indi- vidualism in religious thought which had its origin in the general unsettle- ment of the times and found its chief provocation in the luxurious and worldly lives of the higher clergy. As early as 1286 the Court of Arches had pronounced an official condemnation of heresies concerning the Blessed Sacrament, 89 following the lines laid down by Lanfranc in his controversy with Berengar two hundred years before. It was indeed against the dogma of transubstantiation, as understood in the fourteenth century, that the loudest protests of the Lollards were made. But their criticisms went very much further than this ; and looking back upon them from a distance which places their protests and general teaching in clearer perspective, few would now fail to see that the underlying principle which bound their varying tenets together was revolt against the authority of the church. Nor were the civil authorities of the time so very far wrong when they scented danger here for their own system also. If the connexion between the riots of 1381 " Nearly thirty are known and will be described in the topographical section of this history. 75 In St. Martin's Church. North, Cbron. of the Church of St. Martin, 185-7. 76 Miss Bateson, Rec. of Bon. of Leic. i, 391-2 ; ii, p. Ixi. This was in All Saints' Church, and grew out of the laudable desire to supply the church with an additional priest. " In the chapel of St. John's Hospital, connected with a chantry founded by Peter Saddler. Ibid, ii, p. Ixii. 78 Ibid, i, 399. " Nichols, Letc. i, 561. 80 In St. Martin's. North, Cbron. of the Ch. of St. Martin, 237-4.0. 61 Gibbons, Early Lincoln Wills, 152. 8J Ibid. M Ibid. 54 In St. Mary de Castro. Nichols, Lite, i, 305-7. 65 Dimock Fletcher, Chapters in the History of Loughborough. M Stocb and Bragg, Market Harborough, 164. " P.R.O. Chant. Cert. No. 31. commemorations have been so often described in recent works that there is no need to enlarge upon them here. The greater gilds of Leicester Corpus Christi, St. George, and the Holy Trinity are fully treated in North's Chron. of the Ch. of St. Martin, Miss Bateson's Rec. of the Bora, of Leic. and Nichols' Leic. i. The only ones mentioned in the Chantry Certificate of 1547 are the gilds of St. Margaret and of Corpus Christi at Leicester, and the gild of Lutterworth, possibly because these alone had lands. 89 Chron. H. Knighton (Rolls Ser.), i, 281. 364
 * Gibbons, Early Lincoln Wills, 1 1 6. The object of these gilds, their annual feasts, processions, and