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 BIRDS Parus hritannicus, Sharpe 30. British long-tailed Tit. Acredula rosea (Blyth). Locally, Bottle Tit. A fairly abundant species, especially in wooded districts. 31. Great Tit. Parus major ^ Linn. Locally, Ox-eye Tit. An abundant resident. 32. British Coal-Tit. and Dresser. A resident but local. It is numerous in some districts of the Fells. More often observed in winter than at other seasons. 33. British Marsh Tit. Parus palustris, Linn. A resident nesting species, but not so abund- ant as the last, except in the localities it affects, where considerable flocks may be seen in late autumn and in winter. 34. Blue Tit. Parus aeruleus, Linn. Locally, Blue Nope. A very common resident, in winter tame and familiar, loving the neighbourhood of dwellings. 35. Nuthatch. Shta casta. Wolf. Locally, Kitty Wren. An extremely rare summer visitor. It is said to have bred near Manchester. (Mitchell, Birds of Lancashire, p. 38.) Its last recorded occur- rence is September 1880. 36. Wren. Troglodytes parvulus, Koch. Locally, Kitty Wren. An abundant resident. 37. Tree-Creeper. Certhia familiaris, Linn. A resident, but becoming rarer than it formerly was. A few pairs, however, nest annually in most of the woods throughout the county. 38. Wall-Creeper. Tichodroma muraria (Linn.). A very rare straggler. The second specimen in England, after 1792, was shot at the village of Subden, Pendle Hill, 8 May, 1872. (Zoo- logist, 1876, p. 4839 ; Birds of Lancashire, ed. I, p. 56, with plate ; ed. 2, p. 60, woodcut.) 39. Pied wagtail. Motacilla lugubris, Temm. Locally, Water Wagtail. An abundant resident, but more conspicuous in early autumn, when it frequents lawns, moist pathways, and wet sandy patches in companies of two or three pairs together. It is scarcer in winter. 40. White Wagtail. Motacilla alba, Linn. A spring visitor, and less common than the preceding species, but occurring probably ' more frequently than is supposed ' {Mitchell). It nests on many of our mosses. 41. Grey Wagtail. Motacilla melanope, Pallas. A resident, but nests in Lancashire less fre- quently than the pied wagtail, though still numerous on the rocky streams of Langridge Fell. 42. Yellow Wagtail. Motacilla raii (Bona- parte). Locally, Yellow Hand-stir, Seedfore. A not uncommon summer visitor, nesting in maritime and inland meadows. 43. Tree-Pipit. Anthus trivialis (Linn.). A summer immigrant, well distributed espe- cially near woods. 44. Meadow-Pipit. Anthus pratensis (Linn.). Locally, Titlark. Abundant everywhere. 45- Richard's Pipit. Anthus richardi, Vieillot. Specimens of Richard's pipit were killed at Crosby and on the Wyre in 1869. (Mitchell, Birds of Lancashire, ed. 2, p. 48.) 46. Rock-Pipit. Anthus obscurus (Latham). A resident species, common along the coast and margins of our large estuaries, and on Walney Island, where it breeds. (Harting, Zoologist, 1864.) 47. Golden Oriole. Oriolus galbula, Linn. There are several records of the species as a summer visitor, but none of its having nested in the county. 48. Great Grey Shrike. Lanius excubitor, Linn. An occasional visitor in late autumn and in winter. An adult female specimen was shot at Urmston in January 1904. {Zoologist, 1904, p. 115.) It used to breed at one time among the sandhills. Mr. H. Murray saw one shot at Chorlton near Manchester in 1905. 49. Red-backed Shrike. Lanius collurio, Linn. A summer visitor. There are frequent re- cords of its having bred in the county. {Zoolo- gist, 1896, p. 70.) 50. Woodchat Shrike. Lanius pomeranus, Sparr- man. Two occurrences of this species are on record. (Mitchell, Birds of Lancashire, ed. 2, p. 53.) 51. Waxwing. Ampelis garrulus, Liinn. There have been several invasions of con- siderable numbers at a time of the waxwing, generally at long intervals, and as a rule in mid- winter. 52. Pied Flycatcher. Muscicapa atricapilla, Linn. A summer visitor on migration ; some few breed annually. 53. Spotted Flycatcher. Muscicapa grisola, Linn. A common summer visitor. 54. Swallow. Hirundo rustica, Linn. A summer visitor universally distributed. First seen in 1903 as early as the end of March, near Liverpool. In North Lancashire during the very unseasonable May of 1886 between six and 193 25