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 A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE 5. Siberian Thrush. TurJus sihiricus, 'P^zs. 18. Blackcap. Sy/via atricap!l/a (Linn.). Seen by the writer in his garden in Liverpool A summer immigrant and lowland wood- on many occasions during the severe winter of lander, only very occasionally wintering in the county. 19. Garden-Warbler. Sylvia hortensis (Bech- stein). Turdus merula, Linn. 1895 6. Blackbird Abundant. 7. Ring-Ousel. Turdus torquatus, Linn. A summer immigrant, nesting more abun- dantly in the Fells than elsewhere. 8. Wheatear. Saxicola osnanthe (Linn.). Locally, Stone-chack, Wall-chack, White-rump. A summer resident, arriving at the end of March or early in April. Common on the low- lands and sandy links near the coast. 9. Black-throated Wheatear. Saxicola stapazina, Vieillot. A specimen taken at Bury, 8 May, 1875, was the first record in the British Islands. (P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 881-997). Figured in Saunders' Manual, p. 23, and by Dresser, Birds of Europe, under the name of Saxicola rufa (Hart- ing. Handbook of British Birds, p. 3 5 3)- 10. Whinchat. Pratincola ruhetra (Linn.). A summer visitor to all our wastes, moor- lands, and low-lying open country. 11. Stonechat. Pratincola rubicola [hinn.). Locally, Stone-chack, Flick-tail. A resident, frequenting commons and furzy wastes. Irregularly distributed. I 2. Redstart. Ruticilla phoenicurus (Linn.). Locally, Jennie Red-tail. An early spring immigrant and summer resi- dent, sparingly distributed. 13. Black Redstart. Ruticilla titys (Scopoli). A rare autumn and winter visitant. 14. Robin or Redbreast. Erithacus rubecula (Linn.). Abundant. 15. Nightingale. Daulias luscinia (h'mn.). The majority of the records of the occurrence of the nightingale in this county are insufficiently authenticated, but its presence in the Irwell valley seems worthy of respect. No authentic nest has ever been taken. The writer may mention here that he saw it at close quarters in his garden at Hoylake, in Cheshire, in 1900. 16. Whitethroat. Sylvia cinerea (Bechstein). Locally, Peggy Whitethroat. A common summer immigrant. 17. Lesser Whitethroat. Syhia carruca {yXnn^. Locally, Hazel-linnet. An occasional summer visitor. A common summer migrant, often seen late in autumn in gardens and orchards. 20. Goldcrest. Regulus cristatus. K. L. Koch. A fairly common resident, more conspicuous after the close of the breeding season, when it occurs in small companies. 2 1 . Firecrest. Regulus ignicapillus (Brehm). One or two occurrences of this species are recorded, but none of them appear absolutely authentic; the record {Zoologist, 1903, p. 455) of the finding of a male specimen near South- port, in October 1903, proved erroneous. 22. ChifFchafiF. Phylloscopus rufus (Bechstein). Locally, Petty-chaps. A rare summer visitor, arriving early in April. 23. Willow - Warbler. Phylloscopus trochilus (Linn.). Locally, White Wren, Peggy Whitethroat. A quite common summer visitor. 24. Wood- Warbler. Phylloscopus sibilatrix {Bech- stein). Locally, Fell Peggy. A summer immigrant, especially frequent in the more wooded districts among the Fells. 25. Reed-Warbler. Acrocephalus streperus (Vie- illot). A summer immigrant, local and not uncom- mon by the margins of our meres and osier thickets. 26. Sedge - Warbler. Acrocephalus phragmitis (Bechstein), Locally, Water Najiny. A summer visitor, common on meres and reedy swamps. 27. Grasshopper - Warbler. Locustella navia (Boddaert). A generally distributed species, arriving early in May and spending the summer with us in larger numbers than usually supposed. 28. Hedge-Sparrow. Accentor modularis (Linn.). Locally, Hedge-dunny, Dunnock, Dykey. A resident common throughout the county all the year round. 29. Dipper. Cinclus aquaticus, Bechstein. Locally, Bessy Ducker, Water-Ouzel, Betty Dowker. Numerous in all streams, especially in the higher parts of the county. 192