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 A HISTORY OF HEREFORDSHIRE seen that land at Garway was charged with a quota of service and of pay- ment/" and we learn from another source that the Baskervilles held Orcop in 1244 in free socage in the law of Urchenfield, rendering yearly 60 sh. and finding two men for Orcop manor and two footmen for its appurtenances, to go in the King's service towards Wales for fifteen days at his own cost, and one day and one night towards England.'^ The exact concordance of this definition with that in the passage preceding is very welcome and suggests comparison with the Welsh laws, according to which the uchelivr owed his lord military service for six weeks in the year outside the country and at any time within it.^^ Here we have a similar distinction to that which is found in Archenfield. Returning to Domesday, the one difficulty presented by the theory that the ' Finis ' of Archenfield was already distinct from the rest of the district as to service is that the Kilpeck tenantry, we read, after rendering their sestiers of honey and ten shillings in money, are not liable to any ' alium geldum nee faciunt servicium preter exercitum.' This seems distinctly to imply that they shared in the district's liability to special military service. But it is to be observed that these tenants, fifty-seven in number, are not styled villani but homines, which term is applied by Domesday to the king's men of Archen- field/' These fifty-seven men had nineteen ploughs, while the ninety-six king's men had seventy-three cum suis hominibus, a phrase which implies that they themselves had ' men ' under them. The importance of the lord of Kilpeck's position is shown by his having also, on the other side of Archenfield, in the Wye valley fourteen ' men ' with seven ploughs at Bay- sham, and five ' Welshmen ' with five ploughs at King's Caple. The development in this district of certain manorial features will be dealt with below, but we have here to deal rather with the survival of others. Apart from their service in the field, the Herefordshire Welsh are distin- guished by their payment of honey-rents,^* and by a singular tribute of sheep and lambs. The survey of central Archenfield records its annual payment of 41 sestiers of honey, while its custumal provides a penalty for non-payment of the due. Under Linton, the first manor named among the king's lands, we find the curious note that Ilbert the sheriff receives towards ' his ferm of Archenfield all the customary dues of honey and sheep which used to be appurtenant to Linton in King Edward's time.' Also, that William Fitz Norman (of Kilpeck) has therefrom six sestiers of honey and six sheep with their lambs and twelve pence. Again, under Archenfield itself we read that the king's men pay twenty shillings a year as composition 'for the sheep which they used to give,' while Gilbert Fitz Turold has there a manor on which are four ' free men ' with four ploughs, from whom he receives the customary due of four sestiers of honey and sixteen pence. At (King's) Caple five ' Welshmen ' with five ploughs are rendering to the lord of Kilpeck five sestiers and five sheep with their lambs and ten pence. '" See note 26 above. " Cal. Inq. Hen. Ill, i, 6. The Baskervilles were already paying 60s. a year or their * serjeanty ' at Orcop in 1 212 {Red Bk. of the Exch. [Rolls Ser.], 497). The Inq. p.m. on Walter de Muchegros in 1265 shows him holding ' Ryttyr' [?Tretire] manor, 'by the service of finding 3 footmen in the king's army for 15 days at his own cost.' {Cal. Inq. Hen. Ill,, 193) " Palmer, Hist, of Ancient tenures of North Wales, 77. "' It is also to be noted that the loid of Kilpeck T.R.E. had the Welsh name of 'Cadiand.' " Mr. Seebohm has drawn attention to this feature in his English Village Community, 185, 207. 268