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 A HISTORY OF ESSEX at (ad) Peering (feringas) ; 1 and this is the testimony of the Hundret (court) ; but (the estate) was delivered to Hugh among (in numero) his manors, as his men assert (d'tcunt). And in BOTINGHAM [Botingham (Hall) 2 ] (are) 1 5 acres of land, which were held by a free man in King Edward's time, and are now held (of Hugh) by William son of Grossa (grosses), and are worth 32 pence. In the Hundret of Ceffeorda [Chaffbrd] is I free man with (de) 40 acres, who belonged to Havering (havelingas) in King Edward's time, (and) whom St. Peter of Westminster has now, because he came (venif) to the abbey of his own accord, 3 and he does not render (his) customary due (consuetudinem) to Havering (havelingas'). ENCROACHMENT (!NVASIO) OF G[EOFFREY] DE ' MAGNA VILLA ' MASCEBERIA [Mashbury 4 ] was held by Alveva, a free woman, in King Edward's time, (and) now Ulvric holds it (quam) of the king's gift. And G[eoffrey] seized (it) to the wrong of (super) the king. In this (qua) land there is i hide ; and now as then (semper) i plough, and i serf ; and (there are) 8 acres of meadow. It was then worth 20 shillings ; now 30. And in CANEFELDA [Canfield] are 8 acres of land which Geoffrey seized to the wrong of (invasit super) the king, and which Richard holds of him. 6 WIGGHEPET [Wiggepet 6 ] was held by Boso, 1 See p. 444 above. 8 A manor in Copford. 3 This is an interesting phrase which appears to denote commendation. On p. 445 above is mention of another free man in this Hundred who 'misit in Sancto Petro dimidiam hidam.' Possibly both cases were those of men seeking the abbey's pro- tection for their lands. B Geoffrey had a manor of his own at Canfield, which was held of him by this Richard, and which may have been, as Morant held, Langthorns in Little Canfield. 6 A manor in Arkesden, which extended into Elmdon and Wendon, as Morant observed, and which is now represented, as I have shown, by Rockell's and New Rockell's farms (see Introduc- tion, p. 391, and Essex Arch. Trans, [n.s.] viii. 376). Its identity is proved by charters in the [Saffron] Walden cartulary. On fo. 147 Robert (son of Robert) de la Rokele quitclaims, in 1 302, to the abbot of Walden his obligation to provide 3 masses a week ' in capella mea de Wyggefosse,' and on fo. I4$d Humfrey de Rokella grants the tithe of a mill saving the multure ' domus mee a free man, as a manor and as 1 hides in King Edward's time. Then and afterwards 2 ploughs on the demesne ; now. Then 4 ploughs belonging to the men ; afterwards and now 6. Then and afterwards 7 villeins ; now 8. Then 5 serfs ; afterwards and now 7. (There is) woodland for 30 swine, (and) 24 acres of meadow. 7 (There is) i mill now as then (semper). Then and afterwards it was worth i oo shillings ; now 6 pounds. fo. icob WICGEPET [Wiggepet 8 ] was held by i free man as a manor and as 3 hides in King Edward's time. Then and afterwards 2 ploughs on the demesne ; now i. (There is) now i plough belonging to the men, and I villein. Then as now (semper) 5 bordars. Then i serf ; now none. It is worth now as then 40 shillings. And in WENDENA [Wendon 9 ] a free man held (ten') 6 acres, and (this) is worth 2 shillings. In PHERNE- HAM [Farnham 10 ] 4 free men held 3 hides and 3 virgates in King Edward's time ; and now they are held of G[eoffrey] by 4 knights ; then and afterwards 8 ploughs (were there) ; now 5 ; then and afterwards 6 villeins ; now 3 ; then and afterwards 4 bordars ; now 1 5 ; then and afterwards 7 serfs ; now 3 ; then and afterwards (there was) wood(land) for 60 swine ; now for 50 ; there are 14 acres of meadow ; it is worth now as then (semper) 6 pounds. In STANBURNA [Stam- bourne 11 ] a free man held half a hide in King Edward's time ; then and afterwards 2 ploughs (were there) on the demesne ; now none ; then as now (semper) half a plough belonging to the men, and 3 bordars, and i serf ; there are 1 2 acres of meadow ; then and afterwards it was worth 40 shillings ; now 50. In WESUUNIC [ 12 ] in King Edward's propriae de Wyggefosse,' in 1210. The 'fosse,' of course, is ' pet ' Frenchified. The name sur- vived at least as late as the seventeenth century. 7 This large proportion of meadow points to the manor lying on ' The Wicken Water,' which runs through Arkesden. 8 See note 6 above. 9 This small holding in the Wendons cannot be identified. 10 i.e. the manor of Earls-bury there, so named from Geoffrey's descendants, the earls of Essex, who held it. 11 i.e. as Morant showed, the manor of Moone Hall there, which was held of Geoffrey's heirs. Stambourne is in Hinckford Hundred, a good dis- tance to the west of the manors among which it is here entered. 18 As these encroachments usually adjoined the manors of those who made them, I am disposed to think that this place was the 'Wenesuuic' in 568
 * Geoffrey held the rest of Mashbury.