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 A HISTORY OF ESSEX sheriff has him now ; x then i plough (was there) ; now a half ; (there is) wood(land) for 30 swine, (and) 2 acres of meadow ; it is worth 5 shillings ; Peter had livery (libera- torem) of this land with (the rest of) his fief. In the abovesaid manor of BRUMDUNA [Brundon] R[alf] received 3 beasts (anima/ia), 15 sheep, 15 swine, (and) i rouncey (run- cinum) ; (there are) now 6 beasts, 24 sheep, 1 8 swine, and i rouncey. And in CINGHE- WELLA [Chigwell] he received 6 beasts, and 17 sheep, and 1 1 swine ; (there are) now 10 beasts, 60 sheep, and 20 swine. Ralf de Limesi (Limeseio) holds 6 acres of the King's soke, but his predecessor annexed them (in- vast t). L. THE LAND OF ROBERT DE TOESNI [TODENEIO] 8 HUNDRET OF UDELESFORT [UTTLESFORD] CESEWIC [Cheswick (Hall) 3 ] was held, in King Edward's time, by i free man as a manor and as i^ hides. Then as now (semper) i plough on the demesne, and 2 ploughs belonging to the men. Then and afterwards 4 villeins ; now 3. (There are) now 2 bordars. (There is) wood(land) for 100 swine, (and) 4 acres of meadow. It is worth 40 shillings. fo. 91 LI. THE LAND OF RALF DE TOESNI [TODENEIO] 4 HUNDRET OF HERLAUA [HARLOW] OUESHAM [Housham (Hall) 6 ] is held of R[alf] by Roger (as) half a hide which was held by Etmar. Then as now (semper) i plough. It was then worth 10 shillings ; now 15. LAGHEFARA [(Magdalen ?) Laver 6 ], which 1 No reference to this holding can be detected in the account of Peter de Valognes's fief. 3 The lord of the great Belvoir fief. His name was derived from Toesni (Tosny) in Normandy. A manor in Chreshall. 4 The head of his barony was at Flamstead, Herts, and the origin of his name was the same as Robert's. 6 A manor (formerly a hamlet) in Matching. 6 All the Lavers were in Ongar (not Harlow) Hundred. Morant probably assigned this Hun- dred to Magdalen Laver because the other Laver entries clearly refer to High and Little Laver. This is a sound conclusion, but the manor is not found, it would seem, in the hands of Ralf's heirs. was held by Sexi' 7 as a manor and as i hide, is held of R[alf] by Roger. Then 4 villeins ; now 3. (There are) now 7 bordars. Then 4 serfs ; now 3. Then 2 ploughs on the demesne; now I. (There is) wood(land) for 30 swine, (and) 16 acres of meadow. Then as now (semper) 13 swine, and 60 sheep, and 4 cows. It is worth now as then (semper) 70 shillings. LII. THE LAND OF WALTER DE DOAI 8 HUNDRET OF CEFFEURDA [CHAFFORD] UPMUNSTRE [Upminster 9 ], which was held by Suen' suart as a manor and as 6 hides and 30 acres, is held by Walter in demesne. Then as now (semper) 8 villeins. Then 5 bordars ; now 7. Then as now (semper) 4 serfs, and 2 ploughs on the de- mesne. Then 5 ploughs belonging to the men ; now 4. (There is) wood(land) for 20O swine (and) 8 acres of meadow. Then I colt (pullus) ; now none. (There are) now 85 sheep (oves) and 25 sheep (oves). It was then worth 7 pounds ; now 8. And there belonged to (jacuerunt in) this manor 10 acres which are held by Geoffrey de ' Mag- navilla ' in exchange (in suo escangw), as he says. REINEHAM [Rainham 10 ], which was held by Lefstan' the reeve as a manor and as 8 hides, is held by Walter in demesne. Then 3 ploughs on the demesne ; now 2. Then 6 ploughs belonging to the men ; now 5- Then as now (semper) 12 villeins. Then 2 bordars ; now 9. Then 5 serfs ; now 4. (There are) 105 sheep, 20 swine, I rouncey (runcinus). It is worth now as then (semper) 10 pounds. To this manor has been added half a hide, which used to be held by 3 free men in King Edward's time ; and, after King William came, Walter added them to his manor to which they did not belong in King Edward's time, as the county court (consulates) testifies ; and they then had i plough ; now a half; and when (Walter) received (this), a half; (this) is worth 20 shillings. HUNDRET OF TENDRINGE HOLANDA " [Holland] was held by Lestan' 7 This was probably the ' Sexi, housecarl of King Edward,' who had preceded Ralf at West- mill, Herts. 8 See Introduction, p. 350. 9 i.e. the manor of Gaines there. 10 The identity of this manor there is uncertain. 11 It is not clear in which of the Hollands, or where, this manor lay. 554