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 A HISTORY OF ESSEX HUNDRET OF WlTHAM SMALELANT [Smalland *], which was held by Earl Algar' 8 as a manor and as 2 hides, is held of R[obert] by Nigel. Then as now (semper) I plough, and i bordar, and I serf. (There are) 9 acres of meadow, (and) now two-thirds (paries) of a fishery. Then 2 beasts (animalia) ; now 4. Then I pig ; now 25. (There are) now 2 colts (pulli). Then 6 sheep ; now 35. Then 6 goats ; now none. It is worth now as then (sem- per) 2O shillings. HUNDRET OF BEVENTREU [BECONTREE] LEINTUNA [Leyton], which was held by Harold as a manor and as 4^ hides in King Edward's time, is held by R[obert] in de- mesne. Then 2 ploughs on the demesne ; now none. Then as now (semper) I plough belonging to the men. Then 3 villeins ; now 5, and I priest. Then 4 bordars ; now 6. Then 4 serfs ; now none. (There is) wood(land) for 300 swine, (and) 40 acres of meadow. Then 7 fisheries ; now none. Then i mill ; now none. And 2 ploughs more (adhuc) could be added to the stock (restaurarf). It was then worth 4 pounds ; now 2O shillings. In LEINTUNA [Leyton] R[obert] holds 3 hides which were held by 8 s sokemen in King Edward's time. Then 4 ploughs ; now none. (There are) now 6 villeins, and i bordar. (There is) wood(land) for 10 swine, (and) 30 acres of meadow. Half a fishery (was there) then ; now none. It was then worth 60 shillings ; now 20. And these sokemen used to pay a customary due (reddebant con- suetudinem) to Havelingae [Havering], the king's manor, in King Edward's time, and now (do not ?) render (it).* 1 Alias Marshalls, a manor in Hatfield Peverel. 3 This figure is so read in the Record Commis- sion's edition, but is very doubtful, as it has been altered in the MS. directly to the Havering entry on p. 430 above, where we read that there used to belong to that manor, in King Edward's time, 4 'free men' with 4 hides, who used to pay a customary due to it, but had ceased to do since these hides had been obtained, one of them by Hugh de Montfort, and the other three by Robert son of Corbutio. It will be observed that the 3 ' free men ' there entered as the previous holders of Robert's hides are here replaced by 8 (?) ' sokemen,' a notable and suggestive discrepancy. The figure ' 8,' however, appears to have been altered from ' 4 ' (' iiii '). LALINGE [Lawling 6 ], which was held by Leuinc, 6 a free man, as a manor and as 4^ hides in King Edward's time, is held of R[obert] by W[ ]. Then 3 bor- fo. 8sb dars ; now 5. Then as now (semper) 4 serfs, and 2 ploughs. (There is) pasture for 40 sheep. Then 2 rounceys (runcint) ; now 3. Then 7 beasts (animalia) ; now 9. Then 107 sheep ; now 124. Then 6 goats ; now none. It was then worth 3 pounds ; now 4.' HUNDRET OF CELME[RE]SFORT [CHELMSFORD] HANINGEFELDA [Hanningfield 8 ], which was held by Alestan, a free man, as a manor and as 1 1 hides in King Edward's time, is held of R[obert] by Ranulf. (There are) now i bordar, and I serf, and now as then (semper) I plough. (There are) 2 acres of meadow, (with) wood(land) for 12 swine. It is worth now as then (semper) 30 shillings. WALTHAM, 9 which was held by Ulsi as a manor and as i hide and 30 acres, is held of R[obert] by W[ ]. Then i villein ; now none. Then 9 bordars ; now 1 1 . Then as now (semper) I serf, and i plough. There is wood(land) for 30 swine, (and) 8 acres of meadow. Then as now (semper) I mill (was there). It was then worth 30 shillings ; now 40. There also (in eadem 9 ) Ranulf holds of R[obert] i free man with (de) 30 acres, whom R[obert] took possession of (invasii). Then as now (semper) half a plough (was there). It is worth 4 shillings. BEDENESTEDA [Sandon 10 ], which was held 6 A manor in Latchingdon (Dengie Hundred). 8 The reading of this manor is doubtful. 7 Under Havering (see note 4 above) Domes- day further states that Robert holds 4^ hides which were held of that manor by a free man in King Edward's time. This can only refer to the above ' Lalinge," which is Lawling on the south shore of the Blackwater, its position on the coast account- ing for its pasture 'for 40 sheep.' But in this entry, it will be observed, there is no reference to Havering. It is, no doubt, most singular that an estate so far off should be held of the manor of Havering, but this is a peculiar feature of royal manors in Essex (see Introduction, p. 338). 8 This manor has not been identified in the Hanningfields. 9 These two holdings in the Walthams have not been identified. 10 See Introduction (p. 390). But this manor there has not been identified. 546
 * See Introduction, p. 337.
 * This is an important passage because it refers