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 THE HOLDERS OF LANDS GINGA [Mountnessing ? '] was held by two free maidens * as 80 acres. Now Rfanulf] (holds it) by exchange (in suo escangia), and VV[illiam ?] of him. Then as now (semper) 1 plough. It is worth 15 shillings. HUNDRET OF TENDRINGA In DERLEIA [Ardleigh 3 ] Edric of Estorp [Easthorpe] * held i manor of 2^ hides. Now R[anulf] holds it as i^ hides, and Roger (holds it) of him. 6 Then 2 villeins ; now I. Then I serf; now none. Then and afterwards I plough on the demesne ; now a half. Then and afterwards I plough belonging to the men ; now none. And 3 ploughs can be (employed there). There is wood(land) for 20 swine, (and) 4 acres of meadow. Then and afterwards it was worth 30 shillings; now 10. R[anulf] has this land by exchange (pro escangio). He also has in the soke of Laleforda [Lawford] 1 5 acres ; and there dwells I man who renders 7 shil- lings and 8 pence. 6 XXXVIII. THE LAND OF TIHEL THE BRETON 7 (BRITTONIS) HUNDRET OF UDELESFORDA [UTTLESFORD] GERDELAI [Yardley 8 ] was held by 2 free men as a manor and as I hide in King Edward's time. Then as now (semper) i plough on the demesne. And (there were) 2 bordars ; now 7. Then (there was) wood- (land) for 40 swine ; afterwards and now for 30. (There are) 10 acres of meadow. Then 5 beasts (animalia), 14 sheep, and 26 swine, 1 See p. 540, note 7, above. times for Mibere," so that the entry might be read ' tenucrunt libere.' 8 Ardleigh is ' Erleia ' in three entries (fos. 59*, 6jt, 89*). The prefixed 'D' here and on fo. 95*, where the name becomes ' Dereleia ' is of interest for comparison with ' Orseda ' and ' Dorseda,* the Domesday names of Orsett. in Essex, to find the English predecessor distin- guished by the name of his chief estate. ' Edric ' is duly entered under Easthorpe, which had passed to Count Eustace, as its previous holder (see p. 466 above). 6 The identity of this manor is doubtful. Ardleigh, a large parish of more than 5,000 acres, was much divided in 1086. ' The relative entry under Lawford (p. 435 above) duly Utes that Ranulf held these 15 acres. 7 Alias Tihel de Helion (or Herion), ancestor of the Essex Helions (see pp. 350, 457 above). 8 A manor in Thaxtcd. and 32 goats, and i rouncey (runcinus), and I hive of bees ; now 4 beasts, and 14 swine, and 38 sheep, and 3 hives of bees, and I rouncey. This is held of Tihel by Serlo. Tihel claims (to hold) this land of the king's gift. It was then worth 16 shillings; now 20. HUNDRET OF FROSSEWELLA [FRESHWELL] STEVITUNA [Stevington (End) 9 ], which was held by Oslac, a free man, as a manor and as 42^ acres in King Edward's time, is held by Tihel in demesne. Then as now (semper) 2 ploughs on the demesne. Then and afterwards I bordar ; now 3. Then as now (semper) 4 serfs. (There are) 5 acres of meadow. Then 5 beasts (anima/ia), and 5 swine, and 10 sheep, and 2 hives of bees ; now 5 cows, and I rouncey (runcinus), and 30 swine, and 50 sheep, and I hive of bees. Then and afterwards it was worth 60 shil- lings; now 100 shillings and I ounce of gold. REDEWINTRA [Radwinter 10 ], which was held by Lefsiu as a manor and as half a hide and half a virgate in King Edward's time, is held of Tfihel] by Goderet. Then as now (semper) 2 ploughs on the demesne, and I plough belonging to the men, and 4 villeins. Then 5 bordars ; now 7. (There is) wood- (land) for 60 swine, (and) 8 acres of meadow. Then 6 beasts (animalia) ; now 4. And (then) 1 8 swine ; and now the same. Then 49 sheep ; now 32. (There are) 4 hives of bees. Then 20 goats ; now none. It was then worth 2O shillings ; now 60. Tihel claims (to hold) this of the king's gift. BUNSTEDA [(Helion) Bumpstead n ], which was held by Lewin cilt '* as a manor and as 4 hides in King Edward's time, is held by T[ihel] in demesne. Then as now (semper) 4 ploughs on the demesne. Then 4 ploughs 9 Now the manor of Waltons in Ashdon. The Record Commission's edition reads the name as Steintuna,' but it should probably be read as ' Steuituna ' (for ' Stevituna ') 10 These two manors (Stevington and Rad- winter) were held together of the Honour of Helion by Warine Fitz Gerold temp. John (ReJ Bock of the Exchequer, pp. 358, 504, 601). 11 Of the two Bumpsteads this is the one that lies in Freshwell Hundred. Tihel's share of it was the manor of Helioni. 11 An Englishman of the same name had held an estate at Purlcigh (see p. 548 below). But whether these were the same, and whether, if so, they were identical with the Bedfordshire thegn of the name, is uncertain (but see Intro- duction, p. 351). 541
 * * puellac libcrse.' But ' lihcrac ' occurs at
 * It is common in Hertfordshire, but very rare