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 A HISTORY OF ESSEX (runcini), 50 beasts 1 (animalia), 300 sheep, 40 swine, (and) 6 hives of bees ; now 4 roun- ceys, 4 beasts, 68 sheep, 37 swine, (and) 18 goats. Then and afterwards it was worth 9 pounds ; now 8. FRETINGA [Frating], which was held by Ketel as a manor and as 2 hides, is held of R[anulf] by the same T[urold]. Then 2 bordars ; now 3. Then 3 serfs ; now 2. Then 2 ploughs on the demesne ; now i. Then as now (semper) I plough belonging to the men. (There is) wood(land) for 150 swine, (and) 4 acres of meadow. Then I rouncey (runcinus), 4 beasts 8 (animalia), 4 calves, IOO sheep, 40 swine ; now I rouncey, 2 cows, 2 2 calves, 66 sheep, 20 swine, (and) 6 hives of bees. It was then worth 40 shillings ; now 60. HUNDRET OF RoCHEFORT [RoCHFORD] LEGRA [Leigh], which was held by i free man as a manor and as i hide, is held by R[anulf] in demesne. Then as now (semper) 2 villeins, and 2 bordars, and i plough on the demesne, and half a plough belonging to the men, and 5 bordars by the water (super aquam), 3 who hold no land. There is pasture for 100 sheep. Then I rouncey (runcinus), 5 cows, 5 calves, (and) i oo sheep ; now 2 rounceys, 4 cows, 5 calves, (and) 103 sheep. It was then worth 40 shillings ; now IOO. 4 HUNDRET OF TURESTAPLA [THURSTABLE] TOLESHUNTA [Tolleshunt (Darcy) 6 ], which was held by Siward as a manor and as 4^ hides and 30 acres, is held of R[anulf] by Humfrey. Then 9 villeins ; now 10. Then 4 bordars; now 13. Then 10 serfs; now 6. Then as now (semper) 3 ploughs on the demesne and 3 ploughs belonging to the men. (There is) i saltpan, 5 acres of meadow, pasture for 30 sheep, and wood(land) for 150 swine. Then 3 rounceys (runcini), 20 beasts (animalia), 80 sheep, (and) 60 swine ; now 3 1 This is an exceptionally large number, and is suggestive of scribal error. 2 This is a clear case of ' animalia ' being used for cows, as at Blunts Hall, p. 527, note i, above. 3 This phrase seems to correspond to our ' a house on the river' and, in its origin, to the sur- name Surtees. 4 There seems to be nothing whatever to ac- count for this great rise in value of 150 per cent. 6 Previously Tolleshunt Tregoz. See my paper on ' Tregoz of Tolleshunt Tregoz ' in Essex Arch. Trans, [n.s.] viii. 330, for the succession of the Tregoz family to ' Humfrey ' as under-tenant on the Peverel fief. rounceys, 2O beasts, 160 sheep, 37 swine, (and) 1 8 goats. It is worth now as then (semper) IOO shillings. In this manor 4 free men held half a hide and 5 acres ; but Ralf fo. 76 Baignard has it and Hugh de Montfort ('c). 6 GOLDHANGRA [Goldhanger], which was held by Lewin' and Ulward the priest as a manor and as 2^ hides and 25 acres, is held of R[anulf] by Richard. 7 Then 3 bordars ; now 1 4. Then as now (semper) 2 serfs. Then 2 ploughs on the demesne ; now i. (There is) now I plough belonging to the men. (There is) wood(land) for 80 swine, pasture for 50 sheep, (and) 3^ acres of meadow. Then 5 1 sheep, (and) 8 swine ; now i rouncey, 1 cow, 3 sheep, (and) 3 swine. It is worth now as then (semper) 40 shillings. There also (in eadem) (are) 2 free men with (de) 7^ acres ; and (this) is worth 20 pence. XXXV. THE LAND OF AUBREY (ALBERICI) DE VER HUNDRET OF DOMMAWA [DUNMOW] CANEDFELDA [(Great) Canfield], which was held by Ulwin' 8 as a manor and as 2 hides in King Edward's time, is held by Aubrey (Albericus) in demesne. Then as now (semper) 2 ploughs on the demesne. Then 4 ploughs belonging to the men ; now 3. Then as now (semper) 10 villeins. Then 4 bordars ; now 9. Then as now (semper) 4 serfs. (There is) wood(land) for 160 swine, 51 acres of meadow, (and) i mill. Then 7 beasts (ani- malia), 2 rounceys (runcini), 20 swine, 80 sheep, (and) 3 hives of bees ; now 8 beasts, 3 rounceys, 30 swine, 100 sheep, (and) 3 hives of bees. It is worth now as then (sem- per) 6 pounds. 9 6 This passage is of some importance for the light it throws on the identity of the various Tol- leshunts in Domesday. As the identity of the Peverel manor is ascertained its hall adjoined the church of Tolleshunt Darcy it may be inferred that the ' Toleshunt ' of Hugh de Montfort (p. 500) and that of Ralf Baignard must have ad- joined it. 7 This was doubtless the ' Richard ' who held Count Eustace's manor there. 8 This was the great English predecessor of Aubrey in his estates (see Introduction, p. 343). 9 There is nothing in this entry to suggest that Aubrey had a residence there or to account for its castle earthworks (p. 290 above) ; but in a thir- teenth century grant to Tiltey Abbey Robert Earl of Oxford styles the manor ' Canefeld Castel ' (Tiltey Cartulary, vol. i. fo. 24). 532