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 THE HOLDERS OF LANDS is called Laleforda [Lawford 'J, (and) holding half a hide and 35 acres; this is held of R[alf] by the same B[ernard] ; then i plough (was there) ; now half; it was then worth 8 shillings ; now 10. And in Witelebroc [ ] Roger holds of Ralf I hide which Alvric held as a manor. Then as now (semper) I bordar (was there), and i plough, and (there is) I acre of meadow; it is worth 10 shillings. This estate (terra) did not belong to (jacuit in) the other (two) estates (terris). These to. 71 3 manors * are worth 20 pounds. HUNDRET OF UDELESFORT [UlTLESFORD] WENDENA [Wenden (Loughts 3 )], which was held by i free man, Alwin' Stille, as a manor and as i^ hides and 30 acres, is held (of Ralf) by Amelfrid[us]. And R[alf] has (it) by exchange (in escangio). Then as now (semper) 5 villeins, and 3 bordars, and 2 serfs, and 2 ploughs on the demesne, and I plough belonging to the men. There is wood(land) for 80 swineand 3 acres of meadow. It was then worth 4 pounds ; now 5. HALF HUNDRET OF FROSSEWELLA [FRESHWELL] HENHAM, which was held by Ailid' as a manor and as 13^ hides less 10 acres, is held by R[alf] in demesne. Then and after- wards 1 8 villeins ; now 8. Then and after- wards 5 bordars ; now 38. Then and after- wards 8 serfs ; now none. Then as now (semper) 4 ploughs on the demesne, and 8 ploughs belonging to the men. (There is) wood(land) for 200 swine, (and) 16 acres of 1 See the relative entry, under Lawford, on p. 435 above. 1 This is a good instance of ' terra ' and ' manerium ' being used interchangeably. The ' 3 manors ' are Ramsey, Michaelstow and ' Wi- telebroc.' As to the last, a considerable ' brook ' runs by Ramsey and Michaelstow. 8 Now, corruptly, Wenden Lofts. It derived its name from a family which held it as under- tenants. Henry ' Loholt ' held two knight's fees of Walter Fitz Robert (RalPs successor) as early as 1 1 66. The name occurs also as ' Lohout,' and the same family held under the Counts of Boulogne at Tolleshunt in Tollesbury. This is of special interest because that manor was held of Count Eustace, in 1086, by ' Alm'fridus (see p. 469 above), who is thus shown to be identical with ' Amel- fridus,' Ralf's tenant at Wenden and at Manuden (see p. 523 above). Members of the family of Lohout or Loholt occur frequently in the cartulary of Saffron Walden, especially in the Arkesdcn charters. meadow. Then 3 rounceys (runcini), 8 beasts (animalia), 80 swine, 160 sheep, (and) 1 6 hives of bees ; now 8 rounceys, 7 beasts, 100 swine, 80 sheep, and 10 hives of bees. It was then worth 1 2 pounds ; now 20. ASCENDUNA [Ashdon], which was held by Ailid' as a manor and as 2 hides, is held by R[alf] in demesne. Then 14 villeins; now 2O. Then 3 bordars ; now 9. Then 2 serfs ; now none. Then as now (semper) 2 ploughs on the demesne, and 4 ploughs be- longing to the men. (There is) wood(land) for 100 swine, 6 acres of meadow, (and) i acre of vineyard.* Then 2 rounceys (runcini), 5 beasts (animalia), 60 swine, 2OO sheep, (and) 10 hives of bees ; now i rouncey, 7 beasts, 60 swine, 65 sheep, (and) 3 hives of bees. It was then worth 6 pounds ; now 8. And (there are) 2 sokemen holding 1 5 acres freely (liberte). These were received by R[alf] in exchange, (and are) worth 3 shil- lings. HUNDRET OF ROCHEFORT [ROCHFORD] In PACHESHAM [Paglesham], Thierri (Ted- ricus) Pointel 6 holds half a hide and 15 (acres), which were held by i free man. Then 2 bordars ; now 5. Then as now (semper) i plough. There is pasture for 50 sheep. It is worth now as then (semper) 20 shillings. R[alf] claims to hold this by exchange (pro escangio). HUNDRBT OF TuRESTAPLA [THURSTABLE] LANGHEFORDA [Langford] was held by Gola and jEthelmaer (Agelmarus~) as a manor and as three hides and a half ; and this half hide was held at rent (ad censum) of St. Paul by ^thelmser ; but R[alf] is now seised thereof. 6 And Geoffrey holds of R[alf] the whole. Then as now (semper) I villein. Then 4 bordars ; now 9. Then 4 serfs ; now 3. Then 3 ploughs on the demesne ; now 2. fo. 7ib (There is) wood(land) for 20 swine, 25 acres of meadow, (and) now as then (semper) i mill. Then 3 rounceys (runcini), 5 beasts (animalia), 24 swine, (and) 40 sheep ; now 2 rounceys, 4 beasts, 40 swine, (and) So sheep. It was then worth 100 shillings; and when received, yards were measured by arpents. 6 See p. 522, note 3, above. See p. 443 above, under Heybridge ('Tid- woldituna '), a manor of the canons, where it is duly noted that Ralf holds this half hide, though the Hundred (court) knows not by what right. 525
 * Except in this and one other instance vine-