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 THE HOLDERS OF LANDS exchange (in escangio '). Then and after- wards 6 serfs ; now 3. Then 3 ploughs on the demesne ; afterwards and now 2. (There are) 12 acres of meadow. Then i mill ; now none. Then 3 rounceys (runcini) ; now none. Then 3 cows ; now none. Then as now (semper) i oo sheep. Then 60 swine ; now none. Then 23 hives of bees ; now 1 1. It was then worth 4 pounds ; and when received, 50 shillings ; now 60. ARCHESDANA [Arkesden *], which was held by Grinchel as a manor and as I hide less 8 acres, is held of Rfobert] by Picot. And Robert has (it) by exchange (in escangio). (There are) now 4 bordars. Then as now (there were) 2 serfs, and i plough. (There are) 6 acres of meadow. (There are) now 2 beasts (animalia). Then as now (simper) 12 swine and 32 sheep. (There are) now 2 hives of bees. It is worth 20 shillings. ELSENHAM,* which was held by Leftan' as a manor and as i hide, is held of R[obert] by Peter.* And Robert has (it) by exchange (in escangio). Then 4 villeins ; afterwards and now 3. Then and afterwards 3 bordars ; now 6. Then 4 serfs ; now none. Then and afterwards 2 ploughs on the demesne ; now i. Then and afterwards 2 ploughs belonging to the men ; now 3. (There is) wood(land) for 100 swine and 20 acres of meadow. Then as now (semper) i rouncey (runcinus). Then 7 beasts (animalia) ; now I calf (vitulus). Then 1 6 sheep ; now none. Then 8 swine ; now 18. Then 20 goats ; now none. It is worth now as then (semper) 40 shillings. HUNDRET OF TuRESTAPLA [THURSTABLB] TOLISHUNTA [Tolleshunt (Darcy) 6 ], which 1 Robert,' their Domesday under-tenant, was the ' Robert ' who held ' Rainham ' of Robert Gernon, for all these estates descended together to the Plaiz family as co-heirs of Robert Gernon's fief. 1 It should be observed that this group of four manors in Uttlesford is entered separately from the two in that Hundred above (p. 5 1 6), and that each of 'the four is alleged to have been obtained by exchange. from the nuns of Campes, whose house held it under the Plaiz family. ' The identity of this manor seems to have been lost in that of the main and greater manor of Elsen- ham Hall. 4 This was probably the ' Peter ' who held some land of him in Takcley close by. 4 i.e. the manors of Gernons and Verli there. was held by Gotra* as a manor and as 5$ hides, is held of R[obert] by Robert de Verli. fo. Mb Then 4 villeins ; now 7. Then 6 bordars ; now 14. Then 3 serfs; now 5. Then as now (semper) 2 ploughs on the demesne, and 2 ploughs belonging to the men. (There is) wood(land) for 200 swine, i acre of meadow, pasture for 40 sheep, (and) I saltpan. Then 3 rounceys (runcini) ; now none. Then 14 beasts (animalia) ; now none. Then 40 swine; now 20. Then 100 sheep; now 60. Then 30 goats ; now 20. (There are) now 8 hives of bees. Then and afterwards it was worth 4 pounds; now 100 shillings. And 2 free men held 30 acres ; then i plough was there ; now none ; it is worth now as then (semper) 10 shillings ; and (Robert) says that he has this land by exchange (in sun escangio). XXXIII. THE LAND OF RALF BAIGNARD HUNDRET OF WITHAM ULTINGA [Ulting], which was held by Hacon as a manor and as i hide and 40 acres in King Edward's time, is held of Ralf Baignard by Girard. Then as now (semper) 4 ploughs on the demesne. Then 3 ploughs belonging to the men ; now ij. Then 7 villeins; now 4. (There are) now 12 bordars. Then 6 serfs ; now none. (There is) wood(land) for IOO swine, (with) 20 acres of meadow, (and) now as then (semper) 2 mills. And 5 acres of land have been added in King William's time and owe him dues (sunt dt sua consuetudine). Then 5 rounceys (runcini)) 2O beasts (animalia)^ 7 swine, (and) 70 sheep ; now 4 rounceys, 9 beasts, 24 swine, 35 sheep, (and) 2 hives (of bees). It was then worth 4 pounds ; and when re- ceived, (the same); it is now worth 100 shillings. In LANGEFORT [Langford 7 ] Geoffrey holds of R[alf] 5 free men with (de) 3 virgates of land and i acre, and they (jut) used to render fo. fig to the king a customary due of 15 pence (xv</. de consuetudine) in King Edward's time. Now as then (semper) they have i^ ploughs and i bordar. (There are) 3 acres (of 6 See p. 516, note I, above. 7 In Thurstable Hundred (see below), but only divided from Ulting by the Blackwatcr. Ulting manor is subsequently found extending into Lang- ford. 521 66
 * i.e. the manor of Mynchcns there, so named