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 A HISTORY OF ESSEX his stay in London (quando remansit Londonice). 1 Then 2 rounceys (runcini), and 9 beasts (ani- malla 180 sheep, (and) 14 swine ; now 2 rounceys, 14 beasts, 15 swine, 160 sheep, 50 goats, (and) 3 hives of bees. It was then worth 8 pounds ; and when received, the same ; it is now worth 9 pounds. FRIENTUNA [Frinton], which was held by Levesun' as a manor and as 3^ hides, is held of G[eoffrey] by Renelm'.* Then and after- wards 3 villeins ; now i. Then and after- wards 4 serfs ; now 3. Then as now 2 ploughs on the demesne. And then (there were) 2 ploughs belonging to the men ; and when (the manor was) received, ; now only a half. (There are) 3^ acres of meadow, (with) pasture for 50 sheep. Then 49 sheep ; now 2 rounceys (runcini}, and 4 swine and 40 sheep. It was then and afterwards worth 7 pounds ; now 4. ERLEIA [Ardleigh 3 ], which was held by 2 free men, Bund' and Alric', brothers, who (sed) could not withdraw themselves (recedere) without permission of that ./Elfgar (licentia illius Algari* as 2 hides and as 2 manors, is held of G[eoffrey] by William. Then as now (semper) 5 villeins arid 8 bordars. Then 1 serf; now none. Then as now (semper) 2 ploughs on the demesne. Then and after- wards 5 ploughs belonging to the men ; now 4. (There is) wood(land) for 100 swine, 12 acres of meadow, (and) pasture for 50 sheep. Then and afterwards it was worth 4 pounds ; now 40 shillings. In the Hundret of Berdestapla [Barstable] B there were, in King Edward's time, 6 free men, whom G[eofFrey] has annexed to the wrong of (invasit super] King William ; 6 they held (tenentes) 1 2 hides of land, which are held of Geoffrey (eo) by 5 knights. Then as now (semper) 9^ ploughs. Then I villein ; now none. Then 10 bordars ; now 36. 1 Mr. Freeman considered that these words referred to ' the very first days of William's reign,' immediately after his coronation (Norman Conquest, iv. 19). 8 As Frinton and Shelley were held together of Geoffrey's heir, the Earl of Hereford, who died in 1298, it is highly probable that this Renelm' was the Rainald' who held of Geoffrey at Shelley (see p. 504 above). 8 i.e. the manor of Martells Hall there. 4 This phrase appears inexplicable. 5 See Introduction (p. 374) for proof that this estate was East Tilbury on the Thames. 6 i.e. they ought to have appeared among the king's own possessions (see Introduction, p. 354). Then 14 serfs; now 7. Then wood(land) for i oo swine ; now for 50. (There is) pasture for 300 sheep, 10 acres of meadow, (and) i fishery. Of these 12 hides Ravengar took away (tulit) 12 acres of land and added them (apposuit) to his own rief. 7 And Suen' took away thence (tulit) 30 acres, and put them in his manor of Tiliberia [(West) Til- bury]. The whole together was then worth 7 pounds, and now the same. HUNDRET OF WITHAM NUTLEA [(Black) Notley], which was held by Esgar 8 as a manor and as i^ hides and 45 acres, is held of G[eoffrey] by Walter. Then fo. 60 as now (semper) 2 ploughs on the demesne, and 4 ploughs belonging to the men. Then as now (semper) 10 villeins, and 5 bordars, and 4 serfs. (There is) wood(land) for 100 swine, (and) now i mill. And (there are) 2 free men with 40 acres ; and concerning them he vouches (clamat) the king to warranty. 9 Then 6 beasts (anima/ia), and I rouncey (runcinus), and 12 swine, (and) 60 sheep ; now 8 beasts, 1 6 swine, 100 sheep, (and) i rouncey. It was then worth 100 shillings ; now 6 pounds. RETXEIA [Ridley (Hall) 10 ], which was held by Esgar 8 as a manor and as i hide in King Edward's time, is held of G[eoffrey] by Wal- ter. Then as now (semper) I plough on the demesne, and half a plough belonging to the men. (There are) now 3 bordars. Then 3 serfs ; now i. (There is) wood(land) for 10 swine, (and) 4 acres of meadow. To this estate used to belong (terree adjacebani), in King Edward's time, 30 acres, of which G[eoffrey] de Magnavilla has 20 acres, and Richard son of Count Gilbert 10 acres ; but the Hundret (court) bears witness that the whole rightly belongs to Geoffrey's estate (terram). The whole (manor) together is worth 30 shillings. HUNDRET OF HERLAUA [HARLOW] HALINGEBERIA [(Little) Hallingbury 11 ], 7 Domesday accuses him of similar conduct at Wickford, Ramsden and Bulphan. He seems to have been no longer in possession at the time of the Survey. 8 i.e. Ansgar the staller. 9 Compare Introduction, p. 413. 10 A manor in Terling. 11 i.e. the manor of Monkbury there. This identification is well ascertained, for Geoffrey Mar- tel gave a hide of land at ' Halyngbury,' with Geoffrey de Mandeville's consent, to Bermondsey 508