Page:VCH Essex 1.djvu/585

 THE HOLDERS OF LANDS In MASSEBIRIG [Mashbury] Eduin' held, and holds under G[eoffrey], 45 acres. Then as now (semper) 3 bordars. Then half a plough ; now none. It is worth 10 shillings. 1 fo. 59 DANENGEB[ER]IA [Danbury] was held by Arling' as a manor and as 2$ hides. Now William (holds it) of Geoffrey as the same amount (pro tant'). Then as now (temper) I villein. Then 3 bordars ; now 9. Then 4 serfs ; now I. Then as now (temper) I plough on the demesne, and I plough belong- ing to the men. (There is) wood(land) for 100 swine, (and) 16 acres of meadow. It was then worth 30 shillings ; now 40. In CINGEHALA [Chignal *] Sauin' the priest held 15 acres. Now Richard (holds them) of G[eoffrey]. Then half a plough ; now nothing.* It is worth 5 shillings. There also (In eadem villa) Erfin' held 1 5 acres. Now the same R(ichard holds them of Geoffrey. There are) 2 acres of meadow ; it is worth 3 shillings. The abovesaid (Sauin' and Erfin') were free to that extent (liberi ita) that they could sell the land with its sac and soke to whom (quo) they would, as the Hundret (court) bears witness. LEGRA [Lees*] was held by Ansgar as a manor and as 2i hides and 15 acres. Now W. (holds it) of G[eoffrey] as the same amount (pro tan?). Then 4 villeins ; now 2. Then 8 bordars; now 12. Then 3 serfs ; now 4. Then 2 ploughs on the de- mesne ; now 3. Then as now (semper) 2 ploughs belonging to the men. (There is) wood(land) for 40 swine, (and) 6 acres of meadow. Then as now (temper) i mill. (There are) now 10 beasts, 10 swine, (and) 100 sheep. Then and afterwards it was worth 4 pounds; now 4 pounds and 10 shillings. And this (Istud quoque) manor was given by Esgar* to Harold in King Edward's time, and Harold in turn (iterum) gave it to a housecarl (huscarlo) of his, Scalpin by name, 8 > See p. 506, note 9, above. identification, for Great Lees, at any rate, was held of Geoffrey's heirs. But, as a name, ' Legra ' was the Domesday equivalent of Layer. It is, however, also found in Domesday as representing Leigh on the Thames (see p. 532). which affords an excellent illustration of the loose- ness of Domesday in the spelling of names. 6 See Introduction, p. 352. and this Scalpin gave it in dower to his wife in the sight of two men, namely Roger the marshal e and a certain Englishman, and the (men of the) Hundret testify that they heard Seal pin's right acknowledged. 7 And after the king came into this land Scalpin (ipte) held (it) until he went where he died, (namely), in Evreux (ehroica), in outlawry. 8 KEUENTUNA [Kewton (Hall) ?*] was held by Toli as a manor and as 2 hides and i virgate. Now Osbert (holds it) of G[eoffrey] as acquired by exchange (pro suo escangio), he says. Then as now (semper) I villein. Then 6 bordars ; now 4. Then as now (semper) 3 serfs and 2 ploughs on the demesne. Then the men had I plough between them ; now a half. There are 18 acres of meadow. Then as now (semper) i mill. Then 2 cows, 13 sheep, (and) 12 swine ; now 8 beasts (anima/ia), 32 sheep, 2O swine, 14 goats, 2 rounceys (runcini), (and) 5 hives of bees. It was then worth 40 shillings ; now 60. HUNDRET OF TENDRINGA [TENDRING] MOSA [Moze 10 ] was held by Levesun' as a manor and as 4 hides. Now Geoffrey (holds it) in demesne. Then as now (semper) 14 villeins. (There are) now 13 bordars. fo. b Then 13 serfs ;" and when he received the manor 1 1 ; now 3. Then and afterwards 4 ploughs on the demesne ; now 2. Then and afterwards 6 ploughs belonging to the men ; now 4. There is wood(land) for 1 50 swine, (and) 6 acres of meadow. Then i mill ; now none. (There is) pasture for 1 50 sheep. (There are) 3 saltpans. And the king gave this manor to G[eoffrey] during He had a few small holdings in the county as tenant-in-chicf (p. 558 below). 7 ' audicrunt recognoscere Scalpino.' The phrase is a difficult one to translate. 8 Mr. Freeman rendeied this as York, but the mention of outlawry seems to make Evreux (Ebroica) more likely ; and the form of the name is nearer to it than to York. ' A manor in Borcham. I have given in the Introduction (p. 390) my reasons for believing this to be the right identification, and not, as Morant asserted, Camseys in Felsted. 10 Now combined with Beaumont as one parish. 11 The large number of serfs should be observed. At the time of the Survey they had been reduced from i 3 to 3, and no fewer than 13 bordars had been introduced, a typical and suggestive change. 507
 * i.e. no oxen.
 * There seems to be no reason to doubt this
 * This is the same name as 'Ansgar' just before,