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 A HISTORY OF ESSEX 150 swine, (and) 9 acres of meadow. When he received (it) there was a moiety of a mill ; now none. Now as then (semper) I priest is there. Then 7 beasts (animaiia), and 40 sheep, and 60 swine, and i rouncey (runcinus) ; now 1 8 beasts, and 140 sheep, and 80 swine, and i rouncey. It was then worth 10 pounds; now 12; and in King Edward's time it was all the same (totum similiter) ; l and it was worth as .much (tantum) when received. HUNDRET OF WlTBRICTESHERNA [DENGIE] STEPLA [Steeple], which was held by Bondi', 8 a free man, as a manor and as 3^ hides in King Edward's time, is held by H[enry] in demesne. Then as now (semper) 2 bordars. Then 4 serfs ; now 3. Then as now (semper) i plough on the demesne ; and half a plough belonging to the men. Then 100 sheep; now 130. It is worth now as then (semper] 60 shillings. HUNDRET OF CELMERESFORT [CHELMSFORD] UDEHAM [Woodham (Ferrers)], which was held by Bundi' * as i manor and as 14 hides, is held by H[enry] in demesne. Then as now (semper) 24 villeins. Then 8 bordars ; now 3 1 . Then 6 serfs ; now 4. Then as now (semper] 3 ploughs on the demesne, and 16 ploughs belonging to the men. (There is) wood(land) for 800 swine. Now (there is) i mill. Then he received 3 2O beasts (animaiia), and 13 rounceys (runcinos), and 300 sheep, and 60 swine; now (there are) 28 beasts, 15 roun- ceys, 300 sheep, and 100 swine, and 35 goats. It was then worth 20 pounds ; now 28. CINGA [Butsbury*], which was held by Bondi' as a manor and as 5^ hides, is held of Henry by his seneschal (dapifer). Then 6 villeins ; now 4. Then 8 bordars ; now 12. Then 4 serfs ; now 3. Then as now (sem- per) 2 ploughs on the demesne, and 4 ploughs belonging to the men. (There is) wood(land) for 500 swine, (and) pasture for 100 sheep. Then 2O beasts (anima/ia), and 50 swine, and 60 sheep ; now 7 beasts, and 100 sheep, and 40 swine. Then as now (semper) it was worth 7 pounds. 1 This clause is very obscure. 8 This is the Bondig who occurs as his prede- cessor also in Berks, Oxon and Northants (see In- troduction, p. 35)- 3 This is an abnormal formula. 4 Formerly Ging-Joyberd-Laundry. fo. XXX. THE LAND OF GEOFFREY DE MAGNA VILLA 5 HUNDRET OF LAXENDENA [LEXDEN] TEIA [(Marks) Tey 6 ], which was held by Ulvric as a manor and as i^ hides and 20 acres in King Edward's time, is held by G[eoffrey] in demesne. Then 1 1 bordars; now 15. Then as now (semper) 4 serfs and 2 ploughs on the demesne. Then the men had between them 3 ploughs ; now 2^. (There is) wood(land) for 100 swine, (and) 20 acres of meadow. Then G[eoffrey] received 7 250 sheep, and 8 beasts (animalia), and 6 calves (uif)* and 2 rounceys (runcinos), 28 swine, (and) 2 hives of bees ; now (there are) 67 sheep, and 8 beasts, and 6 calves, and 2 rounceys, and 21 swine. There also (In eadem) 2O sokemen held i hides and 31 acres ; now that land is held by 30 sokemen ; and they could not withdraw themselves (recedere) from that manor ; 9 now as then (semper) they have 3 ploughs ; there are 6 acres of meadow. Then and when received (the whole) was worth 7 pounds; now 10. And there were there 3 free men holding 12 acres ; but they did not belong to (non fuerunt de) that manor which G[eoffrey] has ; but he himself vouches (to warranty) him who gave him livery of seisin (ipse revocat liberatorem) ; 10 now as then (semper) i plough is there ; and it is worth 40 shillings. HUNDRET OF HANGRA [ONGAR] SENLEIA [Shelley], which was held by Levedai as a manor and as 80 acres, and was not of Ansgar's fief 11 (feudo) for (Levedai) was only (sed tantum fuit) his man 12 is held of Geoffrey by Rainald. Then 4 villeins ; now 5. (There are) now 5 bordars. Then 2 serfs ; now 3. Then and afterwards 2 ploughs on the demesne ; now i. Then the 6 Better known as Geoffrey de Mandeville. 6 Alias Teye Maundeville. 7 This is an abnormal formula. 8 The mention of calves, for which Essex has been so famous since, is quite exceptional. 9 This is a noteworthy phrase, which is intro- duced to set on record their status before the Conquest. Its actual meaning, probably, is that they could not ' betake themselves elsewhere ' without the lord's permission. 10 On vouching to warranty see Introduction, p. 412. 11 Ansgar the staller was Geoffrey's recognized predecessor. 12 That is, he had only commended himself personally to Ansgar (see Introduction, p. 358, and compare p. 505, note 3, below). 504