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 A HISTORY OF ESSEX HUNDRET OF Cl-AVELINGA [CLAVERING] In PHERNEHAM [Farnham *] Serlo holds of Hamo half a hide which was held by a free man in King Edward's time. It is worth 10 shillings. HUNDRET OF HIDINGFORT [HINCKFORD] In STANBURNE 8 [Stambourne] and in TOPES- FELDE [Toppesfield] Hamo holds in demesne, as a manor, i hide which was held by Goti[ld] in King Edward's time. Then and after- wards 4 ploughs on the demesne ; now 3. Then as now (semper) 3 ploughs belonging to the men. (There are) 14 villeins, and 10 bordars, and 6 serfs. (There is) wood(land) for 40 swine, (and) 15 acres of meadow. Then as now (semper) 3 rounceys (runcini). Then 24 beasts (animalia) ; now 13. Then 40 swine ; now 2O. Then I2C sheep ; now i oo. (There are) 4 hives of bees. And 1 5 sokemen belong (adjacent) to this manor, and hold half a hide less 10 acres, and have 3 ploughs ; and 12 acres of meadow (are there), and 5 bordars. There is i ' arpent ' of vineyard. 3 This estate lay (terra fuit) in 2 manors in King Edward's time. Stanburna [Stambourne] was then worth I OO shillings ; afterwards and now 6 pounds. And Topes- felda [Toppesfield] was then worth 7 pounds ; afterwards and now 8 pounds. Of this manor 5 knights (milites) hold 58 acres, and (this) is worth 2O shillings of the above amount (in eodem pretio).* 1 This small estate has not been identified. 8 The Record Commission's edition reads ' Scanburne.' 3 The text does not determine to which of these places this vineyard belonged, but a vine- yard in Domesday usually implies the residence of a baron and belonged to it. The mention of the 5 knights suggests similarly that this was the head of Hamo's fief. 4 This is in several ways a curious and important entry. Stambourne and Toppesfield contain be- tween them over 5,000 acres, and Hamo's holding comprised a valuable manor in each. Yet the whole is assessed only at I hide, an almost nomi- nal amount. In Stambourne there were only two other holdings, making five-sixths of a hide, of Geoffrey de Mandeville's, valued at 80 or 90 shillings, while in Toppesfield there were three other holdings of 1 5 (geld) acres each, worth in all from 4 lot. od. to 5 los. oj. Thus the whole assessment of the two parishes was only 2 hides 25 acres, though they were valued at the time of the Survey as worth 24 a year. This is altogether abnormal. It should be observed that Hamo's holding is spoken of both as ' terra ' and ' manerium,' and that although it had but one holder under the Confessor it was then reckoned as two manors. HUNDRET OF WITBRICTESHERNA [DENGIE] CARSEIA [Northey (isle) ? 5 ], which was held, in King Edward's time, by Turbern, a free man, as a manor and as 4 hides and 40 acres, is held of Hamo by Richard. Then 2 villeins ; now 3. Then as now (semper) 4 serfs and 2 ploughs on the demesne, and i plough belonging to the men. (There is) pasture for 60 sheep. It was then worth 60 shillings ; now 4 pounds. fo. 56 HUNDRET OF ANGRA [ONGAR] GERNESTEDA [Greensted], which was held, in King Edward's time, by Gotild as a manor and as 2 hides, is held by Hamo in demesne. Then as now (semper) 10 villeins. Then 4 bordars ; now 9. Then 6 serfs ; now 4. Then 3 ploughs on the demesne ; and when he received (it), 2 ; now I. Then and afterwards 5-^ ploughs belonging to the men ; now 3^. (There is) wood(land) for 400 swine, 1 6 acres of meadow, (and) now I mill. Then 2 rounceys (runcini) ; now I. Then 4 beasts (animalia} ; now 3. Then 30 swine ; new 14. (There are) now 40 goats and 20 sheep. It was then worth 4 pounds ; and when he received (it), 40 shillings ; it is now worth 100 shillings. Of this manor Serlo holds 40 acres, and (this) is worth 10 shillings of the above amount (in eodem pretio). There also (in eadem) 3 free men held half a hide and 45 acres ; under them were then 10 bordars, (and) now 1 6 ; (and) then 3 serfs, and now 2 ; then as now (semper) 3^ ploughs (were there); wood(land) for 120 swine (is there, and) 1 9 acres of meadow ; it was then worth 35 shillings ; now 60. Of this land Ralf holds half a hide and 5 acres, and it is worth 40 shillings of the above sum. 6 ASTOCA [Navestock 7 ], which was held by 5 This is nothing but a guess based on the fact that the adjacent island of ' Uveseia,' which had been similarly held by Turbern, was also held by ' Richard ' of Hamo, was assessed at 4 hides and had pasture for 60 sheep. The two islands were in different parishes and Hundreds. 6 This is a somewhat confused passage, for it is not clear whether the holding of the 3 free men was valued as part of the main manor or not ; nor, if it were not, is it clear of which of the two por- tions Ralf's holding formed part. 7 Morant suggested that ' Astoca ' might be North Weald, which he could not identify in Domesday. But I make it to be part of Navestock, because Ralf de Marci is known to have held lands at Navestock which were claimed by the canons of St. Paul's (see my paper in Domesday Studies, pp. 502