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 A HISTORY OF ESSEX King Edward's time, by Goduin, a free man, as a manor and as i hide and 3 virgates, is held of Eudo by Turgis. 1 Then 2 ploughs on the demesne ; now i. Then I plough belonging to the men ; now none. Then 3 villeins ; now none. Now 2 bordars. Then 2 serfs ; now I. (There is) wood(land) for 50 swine, (and) 10 acres of meadow. Then 1 beast (animal) and 30 sheep ; now 1 8 beasts, 4 rounceys (runcini), 19 swine, 75 (sheep ? 2 ), 2 hives of bees. Of this estate (terra) are 50 acres, which were added (to it) in King William's time ; and Lefsi 3 added them to this estate. Then as now (semper) it was worth 40 shillings. HUNDRET OF DoMMAWA [DuNMOW] RODINGES [Roding (Morel)? 4 ], which was held, in King Edward's time, by Samar, a free man, as i^ hides and 45 acres, is held of Eudo by Turgis. 6 Then as now (semper) 2 ploughs on the demesne. Then 2 ploughs belonging to the men ; now I. Then 9 villeins ; now 3. Then i bordar ; now 3. Then 3 serfs ; now i. There is woodland for 100 swine, (and) 19 acres of meadow. Then i rouncey (runcinus) ; now 7. Then 1 This was clearly the Turgis who held of Peter de Valognes in the adjoining manor of Latton, and who held of Eudo himself in Roding. 2 The word is omitted in the MS. 3 I strongly suspect this English name (Leofsige), for which it seems impossible to account, to be an error of the scribe for ' Lisois,' the name of Eudo's predecessor (see note 1 1 below). 4 To distinguish, in Domesday, the various Rodings is a task of great difficulty. For Eudo's manors there we naturally turn to the Colchester Cartulary, where we find an episcopal confirma- tion to the abbey of the whole tithes of Fulc Dapifer in ' Roinges ' Abbess, and of the whole tithe of the demesne of Ralf Morel in ' Roinges Morel' with two-thirds of the tithe of the demesne of Walter de Merc there. Walter's manor of ' Merles,' though in White Roding, adjoins Roding Morel, which is itself now a hamlet in White Roding, so that we may fairly identify the place in the text as above. Turning to Eudo's other manor, Domesday places it in Ongar Hundred, and Roding Abbess is one of the two Rodings in that Hundred, so that its identity seems tolerably certain. And although Fulc Dapifer does not occur in Domesday we find him in the Colchester Cartulary as a knightly tenant of Eudo under Henry I. Morant, followed by Mr. Chisenhale - Marsh, assigned both the manors of Eudo to Aythorp Roding, but on what ground I do not know. His account of the parish shows no reason for this identification, and he admits that Eudo's supposed grant of its tithes 'did not take effect.' 6 See note i above. IO beasts (animalia) ; now 25. Then 6 swine ; now 89. Then 50 sheep ; now 225. Now 55 goats and 8 hives of bees. It was then worth 100 shillings ; now 6 pounds. This manor is claimed by the Abbot of Ely, says (teste) the Hundret (court). 6 LINDESELES [Lindsell], which was held, in King Edward's time, by Ulmar, a free man, 7 as I manor and as i hide, is held by Eudo in demesne. Then as now (semper) 2 ploughs on the demesne, and 3 ploughs be- longing to the men. There are 9 villeins and i priest. Then i bordar ; now 9. Then 4 serfs ; now * i. (There is) wood- (land) for 30 swine, 6 acres of meadow, (and) now I mill. Then I rouncey (runcinus), and 5 beasts (animalia), and 60 swine ; now I rouncey, and. . . 8 It was then worth fo. 49b IOO shillings ; now 6 pounds. And this manor was worth the same (tale erat) when (he) received (it). 9 HUNDRET OF WITBRICTESHERNA [DENGIE] MUNDUNA [Mundon] was held by God- uin, a king's thegn, as i manor and as IO hides. Now Eudo holds (it) in demesne. Then 10 villeins ; now 15. Then 8 bor- dars ; now 14. Then 9 serfs; now 7. And (there were) 2 French men (franci homines 10 ) who have half a hide, which Lisois u seized (occupavii) because one of them became an out- law (utlagavit). In this manor (there) are 4 ploughs on the demesne. Then 8 ploughs belonging to the men ; now 10. And (there are) 2 arpents of vineyard (v'meee). (There is) wood(land) for 24 swine, (and) pasture for 2OO sheep. Then 4 rounceys (runcini) and 8 beasts (animalia), 40 swine, (and) 250 (sheep) ; now 4 rounceys, and 1 5 beasts, and 6 It is interesting to observe that this last sen- tence has been crowded in after the entry had been written. 7 This must be Wulfmar of Eaton, a great Bedfordshire thegn, who is found as Eudo's pre- decessor in that county. In Essex we find him succeeded by Eudo at Hawkwell, Shellow, Takeley, Theydon, and Roding (Abbess ?), as well as at Lindsell. 8 The folio ends here. 9 This seems to be the best rendering of this abnormal formula ; for values were usually given as for these three periods. 10 There is always considerable doubt whether this phrase may not imply free holders instead of 'French men.' 11 Eudo's predecessor, Lisois de Moustiers (de Monasteriis). 492