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 THE HOLDERS OF LANDS (rtctderi) without (seeking) leave of the lord of the said manor. 1 These (men) are held by the bishop, but the county (court) knows not how he came to have them (tot habuerit). (There were there) then as now (semper") I villein, and 1 8 bordars, and 8 serfs. Then ii ploughs; now 10. (There is) wood(land) for 1 50 swine. It was then worth 8 pounds ; now 7 pounds and 2 shillings. These hides were originally seized (preoccupavit) by Turold * of Rovecestra [Rochester]. And the abbey of Ely claims 2 hides and 3 virgates, which were held by 2 men ; and the Hundret (court) testifies that these men (ipsl) held their land freely and were only ' com- mended ' to the abbot of Ely. 3 BEREWIC [ ] was held by Oin the Dane, 4 a free man, in King Edward's time. Now Turold 5 (holds it) of the bishop as 6 hides and 37 acres. Then villeins; now 6. Then 4 bordars ; now 6. Then 3 serfs ; now 5. Then as now (semper) 3 ploughs on the demesne, and 2 ploughs belonging to the men. Wood(land) for 100 swine, (and) 3 acres of meadow. Then 3 rounceys (runcini) ; now 5, and 10 colts (pullf). Then 4 beasts; now 18. Then 16 swine; now 61. Then 60 sheep ; now 126. It was then worth 4 pounds ; now 6. LAGHENBERIA [(Old) Lawn ?'] was held by Turchil in King Edward's time as a manor (and) as 2^ hides and 6 acres. Now R[alf the son of Turold holds it] of the bishop similarly (pro tantundem). Then 2 villeins ; now I. Then as now (semper) 5 bordars, and 2 serfs and i plough on the demesne, and I plough belonging to the men. Wood- (land) for 100 swine, (and) 1 7 acres of meadow. Then 3 rounceys (runcini) ; now i. Then 5 beasts (animaiia) ; now 9. Then 19 swine ; 1 'ipsius mansionis.' This is one of the interest- ing cases in which the scribe uses ' mansio ' for a manor (compare p. 416 above). 8 Father of Ralf their tenant in 1086. 5 The abbey held the manor of Rettendon ad- joining South Hanningfield on the south-east. 6 This I suspect to be a scribal error for Ralf the son of Turold.' below) represents Lawman, we should expect ' Laghenberia ' to represent some such form as Lawnbury. Now in Great Waltham, which is close to Broomfield and Boreham, there was a manor of ' Lawn Hall ' or ' Old Lawn,' and ' -bury ' is merely the manorial suffix aa in Mash- bury, Plesheybury and Walthambury just to the south, and Felstedbury to the north. now 40. Then 45 sheep ; now no. Then and afterwards it was worth 40 shillings ; now 60. fo. a;b WALFARA [Walkfare(s) 7 ] was held by Anunt the Dane (dacui) in King Edward's time as a manor 8 and as i hides. Now R[alf the son of Turold holds it] of the bishop. Then as now (semper) 2 bordars, and I serf, and I plough. Woodland for 60 swine, (and) 1 5 acres of meadow. (There is) I rouncey (runcinus). Then 5 beasts (animaiia) ; now 4. Then 1 5 sheep ; now 50. Then 1 1 swine ; now 1 7, (and) i goat. It was then worth 20 shillings ; now 30. PACINGS 9 [Patching (Hall) 10 ] was held by Segar in King Edward's time as a manor and as 2 hides and 30 acres. Now R[alf the son of Turold holds it] of the bishop. Then I villein ; now 3. Then as now (semper) 4 bordars, and i serf, and i plough on the demesne, and i plough belonging to the men. Woodland for 1 5 swine, 8 acres of meadow, and I mill. Then 3 rounceys (runcini) ; now 4. Then 2 beasts (animaiia) ; now 4. Then 1 1 sheep ; now 23. It is worth 40 shillings. MELESHAM [(Great) Mulsham ? u ] was held by Godric as a manor and as 2 hides and 30 acres. Now R[alf the son of Turold holds it] of the bishop. Then i villein ; now 2. Then I bordar ; now 6. Then 4 serfs ; now 3. Then as now (semper) 2 ploughs on the demesne. Then i ploughs belonging to the men ; now i. Wood(land) for 60 swine, (and) 10 acres of meadow. Then as now (semper) i mill. Then 3 rounceys (runcini) and I colt (puilus) ; now 2 rounceys and 4 colts. Then 9 beasts (animaiia) ; now 28. Then 47 sheep ; now 140. It was then worth 50 shillings ; now 4 pounds. The other MOLESHAM [(Little) Mulsham ? "] 7 In Boreham. 8 ' M[anerium] ' has been interlined above ' III,' and, as the latter has not been deleted, the reading is left doubtful. But the text above is probably correct. The plural represents an English ' Patchings." > In Broomfield. 11 In Great Leighs. Morant assigned these entries to Mulsham in Great Lees, but the only ground that he can have had, so far as I know, for doing so is that the manor of Moulsham in Chelms- ford seems to have belonged wholly to Westminster Abbey. And Mulsham in Great Leighs is in the Witham (not the Chelmsford) Hundred portion of the parish. 459
 * 'Oin'dacus.'
 * As the Domesday ' Laghemannus ' (see fo. 95^