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 NOTES TO DOMESDAY MAP [Compiled by J. HoiAcr ROUND, M.A.] In this map those manors in which the king had an interest have a scarlet line under them ; a blue line (broken) is under the names of those in which the principal ecclesiastical tenants, namely the Bishop of London and the canons of St. Paul's, held land ; a green line denotes those of which part or all was held by Count Eustace of Boulogne, the greatest lay tenant in this county as in Herts. The name of a manor or of a Hundred is often given in more than one form by Domesday, but only one of these forms can be shown on the map. As the boun- daries of the Hundreds have virtually remained unchanged since Domesday, the modern ones are given on the map, except that the Liberty of Havering is there included in Becontree. In fixing the position of manors the site of the church has been the guide ; for in Essex church and hall usually stood together, occasionally at some distance from the village of to-day. The modern river names have been added for the convenience of the reader. The entries of meadow in Domesday serve to illustrate the course and extent of the streams, which were also responsible for the water-mills of the text. On the south-east coast ot the county blank spaces (shown as ' recent alluvium ' on the geological map) represent the marshland, which is specially discussed in the Introduction, and the extent of which is well seen on Chapman and Andre's maps (1772-4). Blank spaces in the neighbourhood of Colchester represent a belt of heath- lands, such as those of West Bergholt, Horkesley, Boxted, Dedham, Ardleigh, and Crockleford to the north, with Stan- way, Lexden, Layer and Black Heath to the west and south, which remained such till modern times, the soil of this district being largely glacial loam, with glacial sand and gravel, the ' turnip land ' of agricultural writers. Another blank indicates the position of Tiptree Heath, while that between the Colne and the Pant remained sparsely inhabited. The blanks in the south-west of the county are partly due to forest and partly to the great size of some of the manors.