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 ANCIENT EARTHWORKS most probable explanation of their existence,' though it must be ad- mitted that ' the mystery surrounding the origin of the Deneholes and the purposes of their makers still constitutes one of the most interesting and perplexing problems.' INDEX AND SUMMARY The following abbreviations are used to indicate the principal publications referred to in this index : A. = Archteologia. AJ. = Archteological 'Journal. B.A.A. = British Archaeological Association "Journal. B.B. = Britton & Brayley's Beauties of England and Wales. B.R.H. = Benton's Rochford Hundred. C.A. = C. Roach Smith's Collectania Antiqua. C.B.G. = Camden's Britannia (Cough's 2nd edition). E.A.T. = Essex Archteological Society's Transactions. E.E. = Excursions in Essex. E.F.C.J. = Essex Field Club Journal of Proceedings. E.F.C.T. = Essex Field Club Transactions. E.G. = Essex. By a Gentleman. E.N. = Essex Naturalist. E.R. = Essex Review. G.M. Gentleman's Magazine. G.M.L. = Gentleman's Magazine Library. M.E. = Morant's Essex. N.A.E. = Neville's Antigua Explorata. N.S.E. = Neville's Sepulchra Exposita. O.E. = Ogborne's Essex. O.S. = Ordnance Survey (6-inch scale). P.S.A. = Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries. S.E. = Salmon's Essex. S.P.E. = Suckling's Papers : Essex. W.E. = Wright's Essex. Others are mentioned with full title. AMBRESBURY BANKS (near Epping). p. 279 ante [E.F.C.T. ii.55 ; E.F.C.J. ii. 28 ; A.J. xxxiii. 89, 244 ; O.E. 217 ; E.E. ii. 25 ; W.E. ii. 467 ; B.B. . 431 ; C.B.G. ii. 127 ; Brit. Assoc. Rep. (1881) 697 ; O.S. Iviii.]. ASHDON. Entrenchment near the Bartlow Hills : p. 283 ante [A. xxv. 3 ; E.A.T. n.s. vii. 353]. ASHELDHAM. Entrenchment : p. 284 ante [E.A.T. n.s. vi. 350]. BARKING. See Uphall. BARTLOW HILLS, ASHDON. p. 304 ante [E.A.T. n.s. vii. 349 ; Wright's Celt, Roman & Saxon, 377 ; E.N. iii. 288 ; A. xxv. 1-23, xxvi. 300-17, 462, xxviii. i, xxix. i, xxxiii. 343; N.A.E. 30; M.E. ii. 539; W.E. ii. 98; S.E. 167; E.G. ii. 309; G.M. (1822) ii. 305 ; G.M.L. Top. 79 ; B.B. v. 380 ; O.S. iii. ; G.M. (1832)!. 162 ; G.M.L. Rom. i. 66 ; C.B.G. ii. 140]. BENFLEET. Site of earthwork : p. 286 ante [E.A.T. ii. 75 ; viii. n.s. 233 ; E.N. iv. 150 ; B.R.H. 54 ; A.J. xlii. 294]. BERDEN. Moated mound : p. 289 ante [E.A.T. n.s. iv. 289 ; O.S. xiii.]. BILLERICAY. Blunt's Walls : p. 284 ante [E.E. i. 129 ; ff.E. ii. 544 ; S.E. 335 ; E.G. v. 31 ; B.B. v. 489; S.P.E. 145; M.E. i. 196; E.A.T. ii. 70; P.S.A. ser. 2, vii. 370]. Norsey Wood, Tumuli, etc. : p. 307 ante [E.A.T. v. 212 ; n.s. v. 226]. BIRCH 'CASTLE.' p. 284 ante [B.A.A. xix. 277 ; E.G. vi. 151 ; E.N. viii. 204 ; M.E. ii. 182 ; W.E. i. 391 ; O.S. xxxvi.]. BIRDBROOK. Camp : see Watsoe. Tumuli ; [O.S. iv.]. BRAIN TREE. Camp ; p. 284 ante [E.N. x. 405 ; O.S. xxv.]. 3H