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 INSECTS LIGUDJE Pacbycnemia bippocastanaria, ' Rochford, Essex ' (Stephens, ////. iii 269). HYBERNIID^E Hybernia rupicapraria, H. leucophearia and H. marginaria (firogemmaria, Hb.) are common in the early months of the year, and H. aurantiaria and H. defoliaria come freely to ' light ' in mild November weather, especially when it is somewhat foggy. Anisopteryx eescularia is fairly numerous, especially among elm. LARENTIIDiE Cbeimatobia brumata abounds everywhere. C. boreata is much scarcer and more local, but is found at Epping, Harwich and St. Osyth. Oporabia dilutata and Larentia didymata are generally common. L. multistrigaria is recorded for Epping, Wanstead and Hazeleigh. L. viridaria (pectinitaria, Fues.), Emme/esia affinitata and E. alchemillata are of frequent occurrence in woods and lanes. E. albulata has been taken at Brent wood and Dod- dinghurst by Mr. Raynor and at Maldon by Mr. Fitch ; it also occurs at Epping. E. decolorata is generally distributed among Lychnis vesper- tina. E. unifasciata is sometimes common in the larva state in north Essex on Barfsia odontites. Eupitbecia venosata occurs near Braintree, Colchester, Danbury, and probably in most places where Silene injiata grows. E. consignata is very rare, but Mr. Machin has found it at Epping and Loughton. E. linariata is common some seasons among Linaria vu/garis, but in other years may be looked for in vain. E. pulcbellata occurs freely in the Colchester district, and probably every- where where Digitalis grows. E. oblongata (centaureata^ Fb.) is to be met with everywhere. . succenturiata is found in the Colchester, Maldon and Harwich districts. E. subfuhata is sometimes common among yarrow, but has been scarce during the dry seasons we have experienced recently. E. scabiosata (subumbrata^ Gn.) is found on the coast at South- end, Shoeburyness and St. Osyth. E. plumbeolata occurs in many woods in June among Melampyrum. E. isogrammaria is abundant among Clematis. E. egenaria^ a very rare insect about which little seems to be known, has been taken at Loughton. E. satyrata is reported from the Harwich district by Mr. Mathew. E. castigata is generally common. E. trisig- naria seems only to have been noticed at Colchester, where it is a great rarity. E. virgaureata has been recorded from Epping by Messrs. Doubleday, Machin and A. H. Waters. E.fraxinata occurs sparingly at Colchester. E. pimpinellata is sometimes common, especially on the boulder clay among Pimpinella saxifraga. E. irriguata was formerly found at Epping by Mr. Doubleday. E. innotata has been bred by Mr. W. Warren from larva? found at Shoeburyness. E. nanata was common among heather at ' Crockleford Hangings ' near Colchester a few years ago. This locality is now strictly preserved and is inaccessible to naturalists, but the species is probably widely distributed in the county. E. subnotata is common among Chenopodium. E. "uulgata is generally com- mon. E. albipunctata was common a few years ago on the flowers and I I6l 21