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 A HISTORY OF ESSEX September, 1900. L. turca does not seem to occur in north Essex, but is found in the Epping district, and Mr. Raynor says it is periodically common at Brentwood. L. lithargyria occurs freely everywhere. L. obsoleta is scarce and local, but has been taken in the Southend district by Mr. Whittle and others, and at Rainham and Mucking by Mr. Burrows. L,. littoralis is found by Mr. Mathew at Dovercourt, and occurs sparingly at Clacton-on-Sea. L. impudens (pudorina, Hb.) has been taken by Mr. Whittle near Southend. L. comma sometimes comes pretty freely to ' sugar.' L. straminea is not common, but occurs generally on the coast and probably elsewhere among reeds. Mr. Cansdale used to find it at Witham. L. impura and L. pallens are generally common. L. favico/or, a comparatively recent addition to the British list, was discovered by Mr. Mathew at Dovercourt, and a single specimen has been taken by Mr. Whittle at Great Wakering. These are the only captures at present recorded. Calamia phragmitidis is of general occurrence among reeds, in the stems of which its larvae feed. Senta maritima (u/v<z, Hb.) is scarce and local, but is included in Mr. Howard Vaughan's Leigh list, has been taken near Alresford, and Mr. Burrows reports it from Mucking, where it seems to occur more freely than elsewhere in the county. Ccenobia rufa (despecta, Tr.) occurs in the Harwich district, and is also found at Epping and Hainault. Taplnostola fufoa occurs in swampy meadows among rushes in the Colchester and Southend districts, and probably has an extensive range. Nonagria arundinis (typhce, Hb.) is of general occurrence among Typba latifolia and T. angustifolia, N. gemini- puncta is found among reeds at Alresford, Harwich, Mucking and Witham, and doubtless at many other places. N. neurica is generally scarce and local, but has been found at Benfleet by Mr. Whittle, near Harwich by Mr. Mathew, and at Rainham and Mucking by Mr. Burrows. Calamia lutosa has a wide distribution among reeds and is not uncommon in some coast localities. APAMEID^: Gortyna ochracea (Jtavago, Esp.) is found in all directions, its larvae feeding in the stems of thistles and many other plants. A very fine form, differing materially from all other British specimens, has been found on the coast between Harwich and Walton-on-the-Naze. Hydraecia nictitans is of general occurrence and is extremely variable, especially the coast forms, which are generally larger and paler than those found inland. H. micacea may often be seen at suburban gas lamps, and its larvae and pupa? may sometimes be found by ' raking ' at the roots of maritime plants. Axylia putris, Xylophasia rurea, X. lithoxylea and X. monoglypba (polyodon, L.) are of general occurrence and as a rule common. X. hepatica is somewhat scarcer and more local. X. scolopacina has been found in the Harwich district and occasionally occurs at Colchester, but is decidedly scarce. Dipterygia scabriuscula (pinastri, L.) is generally distributed and comes rather freely to 'sugar.' Aporophyla australis was once bred from a larva found on the St. Osyth coast. Neuria reticulata (saponaria, Esp.) 150