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 A HISTORY OF ESSEX unavailing, and among other theories it has been suggested that in their case males formerly existed, but owing to the increase in the faculty of virgin reproduction they have ceased to be produced, being no longer necessary. There is a very able and valuable paper on the ' Galls of Essex ' by Mr. Fitch in the Transactions of the Essex Field Club (ii. 98-156), which deals with all the gall-feeding insects, and to which the reader who desires further information can be confidently referred. In the following list of T'enthredinidce some names will be found which do not appear in Cameron's Phytophagous Hymenoptera. Certain of these belong to species which were not known as British when that work was written, and in other cases it has been deemed advisable to follow the more recent classification and nomenclature of Konow, which is partially adopted in Cameron's fourth volume. Some of the Sawflies are extremely difficult to determine correctly, and all such have been sub- mitted either to the Rev. F. D. Morice or Pastor Konow, to whom we are indebted for much of the most recent work done in the group here and on the continent. All the Tenthredinidte named below have been found in the Colchester district with one exception, for which the locality is given. The list of Cynipidee is taken from Mr. Fitch's ' Galls of Essex.' A LIST OF THE PHYTOPHAGOUS HYMENOPTERA OCCURRING IN THE COUNTY TENTHREDINID^E LYDIT/E Lyda, Fabr. flaviventris, Retz. inanita, Vill. sylvatica, L. hortorum, Klug. cingulata, Latr. pallipes, Zett. albopicta, Thorns. depressa, Schr. Cephus, Latr. phthisicus, Fabr. pygmaeus, L. tabidus, Fabr. pusillus, Steph. Macrocephus, Schlecht. satyrus, Pz. SIRICET.*: Xiphydria, Latr. dromedarius, Fabr. Sirex, L. juvencus, L. - gigas, L. TENTHREDINET.S Cimbex, Ol. lutea, L. femorata, L. Trichiosoma, Leach vitellinae, L. TENTHREDINETVE (continued) Trichiosoma betuleti, Klug. Ahia, Leach fasciata, L. sericea, L. Arge, Schr. enodis, L. gracilicornis, Klug. fuscipes, Fall. ustulata, L. pagana, Pz. cyanocrocea, FOrst. - rosae, De Geer Lophyrus, Latr. sertiferus, Fourc. Cladius, 111. pectinicornis, Fourc. Trichiocampus, Htg. viminalis, Fall. rufipes, Lep. eradiatus, Htg. Priophorus, Latr. padi, L. Leptopus, Htg. luridiventris, Fall. Hemichroa, Steph. alni, L. rufa, Pz. Dineura, Dhlb. stilata, Klug. 1 08