Page:VCH Derbyshire 1.djvu/399

 DOMESDAY SURVEY As all these words occur frequently in the Derbyshire portion of the Survey they cannot be passed without some discussion. Now on the whole we shall probably be safe in recognising four types of manorial structure in the Domesday survey of Derbyshire. There is first the case in which ' manor ' and ' vill ' are identical. This is the normal state of things in many counties, but by no means in Derbyshire, or indeed generally in the Danelaw. It is much more usual here to find that several manors are included under one vill, 1 their individuality being recognised by the common Domesday practice of placing the letter M to denote ' manerium,' with a figure attached to the letter indicating the number of constituent manors, at the side of the villar heading. Instances of this occur on almost every page of the Derby Survey ; thus on the fief of Henry de Ferrers we find Tissington reputed to contain seven ' manors,' Barton Blount, eight ; Shirley, Sutton-on-the-Hill, and Etwall, five each ; Hilton and Swarkeston, four. Each of these ' manors ' is considered to have been the estate of some definite owner before the Conquest, whose name is specified, and it would seem as if the unity of the manor was not necessarily destroyed by the fact of its being held by two co-owners, since in the case of Shirley, which is stated in the margin to have consisted of five manors, we find the previous holders represented by seven names ' Chetel and Ulmer, Turgis, Elric, Algar, Ulviet and Lepsi.' Here it looks as if the men whose names are connected by a conjunction were considered to hold one manor between each two of them, though in view of the possibility of scribal error in Domesday it would be unsafe to attach much importance to the point. In one instance the assessment of each ' manor ' is given separately in an interlineation. Burnaston and Bear- wardcote, which were assessed (together) at two carucates, were divided into five ' manors,' one containing 10 bovates, two of 2 bovates each, and two of i bovate each. 8 These last represent the inferior limit of size for the ' manor ' in Derbyshire, so far as we can tell in the absence of detailed assessments for other similar cases. A third type of manor is especially well represented in Derbyshire. This consists of a central ' manor,' with satellitic ' berewicks.' ' The " barton " and the " berewick ",' says Professor Vinogradoff in his latest work, ' are settlements connected with barns for the collection of corn and other produce with no special agricultural plots attached to them.' 3 Similarly Professor Maitland says of the berewick : Its name seems primarily to signify a wick or village in which barley is grown ; but like the barton (' bertona,') and the grange (' grangia ') of later days, it seems often to be a detached portion of a manor which is in part dependent on and in part independent of the main body. Probably at the berewick the lord has some demesne land and some farm buildings, a barn or the like, and the villeins of the berewick are but seldom called upon to leave its limits ; but the lord has no hall there, he does not consume its produce upon the spot, and yet for some important purposes the berewick is a part of the manor.* 1 See for instances from other parts of England Dom. Bk. and Beyond, 1 16-1 18. 8 Fol. 27jb. 3 % Growth of the Manor, 224. 4 Dom. Bk. and Beyond, 1 14. 3"