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 A HISTORY OF CORNWALL Brag Parasitical on the Anatif. laevis, and A. laev., Par., taken from the bottom of a vessel from Black Sea balanoides, Mont. [ (Linn.) ]. On rocks, stems of the Lam. digit., shells, Crustacea, cork Penryn Creek, Bar, Castle, Gwyllyn-vase, Swanpool, etc. : common. Cornuhensis, Penn. B erforatus, Bruguiere]. Covering rocks, Patel. vul. etc., in multitudes, Barpomt, Castle Gwyllyn-vase, Swanpool, Pennance, etc. Var.(R. Punctata, Mont.) [Chthamalus stellatus(Yo).^ In some localises : very common. depressa, Cocks. [Poli has a var. depress of his Lepas stf/lata]. On polished and flat surfaces, viz. slates, insides of broken bottles, jars, oyster shells, and stems of Lam. digit, etc., not uncommon. On cork : rare. pusillus, Cocks [not known to Darwin, or Weltner in 1897]. Attached to wood, and old cork floats, from deep water: not common. Rocks, shells, Castle : very rare. costatus, Donov. [ ? B. porcatus, da Costa]. 3 Attached to stems of the Lam. digit. ; from deep water ; on old and well-seasoned cork floats, Gwyllyn-vase, Penzance, and Bream bay : rare. rugosus, Mont. [ ? B. crenatus, Bruguiere]. On wood, stones, shells, cork, etc., from deep water : rare. Var. Mont. On wood, cork, roots of Lam. digit, from deep water ; not 'uncommon on the beach, stormy weather. tintinnabulum, Linn. Two living specimens on a piece of (wreck) timber, washed on the beach, Castle, in the year 1844. Procured three living, and more than fifty dead, shells, December 1848, Bar beach. The schooner, Mary, of Dartmouth, from Acra, coast of Africa, went on the rocks under the Rev. W. J. Coope's house, Gwyllyn- vase, Dec. 7, 1849 : attached to her bottom and sides were magnificent specimens of the Bal. tintinnabulum, 2% inches in height, and 2^ inches in diameter [Darwin gives ' basal diameter of largest specimen very nearly 3 inches ; height of the highest specimen 3 inches ' ]. 4 Bal. conoides [May this be the B. cornubiensis conico ore minore, of Ellis, 1758 ? ], 5 B. rugosus, Ost. parasit, etc. convexula, Penn. [apparently not known to Darwin or Weltner]. Several fine and perfect specimens on a cork-float, Pennance : rare. spinosus, Cocks. Shell truncated, elliptic, diaphanus, composed of six pieces, transversed by opaque white, longitudinal striae ; aperture large, edge entire, smooth ; operculum, composed of four valves of a reddish purple colour ; shell and operculum covered with vitreous-like spines ; size ^ of an inch ; on a cork float (from deep water), sands, Gwyllyn-vase : very rare. [The description, which has been overlooked by succeeding authors, as it well might be, embedded thus in a faunistic catalogue, is rather suggestive of a young speci- men of the later published Balanus improvisus, Darwin, var. assimilii].* elongatus, Mig. [Darwin gives B. elongatus, Auctorum variorum, among the synonyms of B. crenatus, Bruguiere, and B. balanoides (Linn.). Cuvier uses Mig. as short for Felix Miger]. On the rocks, Castle, low- water mark : not uncommon. rugosus, Macg. [Cocks takes no note of the circumstance that he has already accorded ' B. rugosus, Mont.']. On the rocks, Castle, low-water mark, and near the magazine : not uncommon : angulosus, Macg. [Darwin gives B. angulosus, Lamarck, as a synonym of B. porcatus, Bruguiere]. On the rocks, Castle, low-water mark, and at Pennance, etc., but local. ftstulosus, Macg. [B. balanoides (Linn.) ]. On the rocks, Castle, low-water mark, at Pen- nance, etc., but local. clavatus, Macg. [Synonym of B. crenatus, Bruguiere, or B. balanoides (Linn.) ]. On the rocks, Castle, low-water mark, at Pennance, etc., but local. ' Genus Acasta. Lam. Acasta Montagui, Leach. A. spongites, Poli]. Found embedded in sponge, from deep water ; very rare. Far. Free of spines and a flat base ; on the sands, Gwyllyn- vase, Pennance, Bream Bay, etc., after stormy weather in autumn and spring : not uncommon. ' Genus Creusia. Creusia stria ta, Lam. [Under C. spinulosa, Leach, Darwin notes C. stria ta, Chenu, as a species too insufficiently described for recognition]. 7 On stones, shells, cork, stems and roots of Lam. digit. : very common. Var. : not uncommon. ' Genus Pyrgoma. Sav. Pyrgoma Anglicum, on shells, stones, etc., low-water mark : not uncom- mon. On the Caryophylli[a] Smithii, from deep water ; very common ' [the species is G. B. Sowerby's, the genus Pyrgoma was instituted by Leach]. Of the Pedunculate Thyrostraca Cocks mentions the following : ' Genus Anatifera. Lam. [Lepas, Linn.]. Anatifera laevis, Lam. [Synonym of Lepas anatifera, Linn., or of L. hillii (Leach) ]. Attached to the bottom of vessels, wood, cork, charcoal, cocoanut husk, or sepiae, feathers, etc. : Custom house quay, Bar sands, Gwyllyn-vase, Pennance, Bream bay, etc. : not uncommon. Var. : Shell ventricose, plates, with ribs coarse and strong, point of ventral plate, (very) obtuse, edge of mantle and cirri bright yellow, pedicle short, coarse and corrugated ; some of the specimens were covered with the Laomedea geniculata ; from the bottom of a vessel from the Black Sea. [It is not improbable that both the species and the variety here described may be Lepas pectinata, Spengler, for which Darwin gives a list of attachments similar to that detailed by Cocks, and which Cocks himself subsequently records as L. sulcata]. anserifera, Linn. Bottom of vessels, logs of wood, portions of wrecked timber, etc., not common. fascicularis, Mont. [Ellis and Solander.] Attached to gull feathers, cork, Fucus serratus, etc. (Nov. 7th, 1845), procured more than 100 living specimens, 1 See Darwin, Eakmdae, p. 455, and compare pp. 267-8 on B. balanoides. JK 1 P- ^6. 8 Ibid. pp. 256, 493. Ibid. p. 198. 5 Ibid. p. 231. Ibid. p. 250. 'Ibid. p. 382. 288