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 A HISTORY OF BERKSHIRE To the east of this is a space, now occupied by the buildings surrounding the Upper Ward and the East Terrace garden, to the south of which a part of the old Castle Ditch is still to be seen. Around the eastern end there are signs where this earthwork continued, thus enclosing the Bailey. The plan of the Castle in Ashmole's Order of the Garter (1672) shows the ditch around the Lower Ward, and there remains evidence of a ditch on the west side of the mount. HOMESTEAD MOATS Moats of different forms and dimensions are to be met with in all parts of the county, though they are naturally more common in the valleys, where the supply of water is more plentiful. They are very frequently square or quadrangular in form, though cases are not uncommon in which they assume a circular or even irregular shape. In the majority of instances a manor house stands, or is known to have stood, within the enclosure, but this is not always the case ; nor can it be assumed that the moat was invariably made for the purpose of defending the house. There is usually no sign of a vallum either inside the moat or on the outside, though sometimes faint traces may be observed, due probably to the mud thrown out at some time when the moat has been cleaned. No attempt has been made here to classify them either by their form or construction, still less to assign dates to them ; they are enumerated according to the alphabetical order of the parishes in which they are situated, and but little is mentioned respecting them but their shape. APPLETON. The manor house of Appleton, which dates from the twelfth century, was surrounded by a quadrangular moat, three sides of which are still to be seen. 1 The manor house of Tinteynes, in the same parish, was formerly defended in a similar manner, but the moat was filled up some years ago. 8 ARBORFIELD. Two sides of a moat, which appears to have been quadrangular, are still existing at Moor Copse, near Kenny's farm. ASHBURY. At the Chapel Manor house there are the remains of a moat which formerly surrounded the house. The moat is to a great extent natural, being formed by two deep converging gullies, the sides of which have been straightened ; but an artificial moat which connected them has been recently filled up. A small field at Chapel Wick, called ' Chapel Close,' is somewhat raised above the level of the surrounding country, and is enclosed by a deep moat. A chapel was built here about A.D. 1220, when the place was known as Estwick. 1 Lysons, Mag. Brit. i. 212. ' Ibid. i. 234. 208