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 ANCIENT EARTHWORKS should be stockaded between stone towers at salient points. The Lysons quote an inquisition of i 360, which states that the castle had then ' fallen entirely to decay.' 1 They also say, ' beyond the moat appear traces of walls for a considerable space.' 2 This may have been on the top of the south rampart already referred to. Nothing of the kind now remains. Much stone burnt red was found in different places, and especially in the round tower in the moat. In the Bedfordshire Architectural Society's Transactions 3 there is an interesting account of the castle and the excavations conducted by the writer, Rev. R. S. Baker, with an excellent plan which shows water and mud in all the moats. This is not now the case, but the Til is wont to flood both them and the road every winter. In the old days no doubt the moats were all well filled. By the roadside appear white posts marked in feet, to guide wayfarers as to the depth of water during the frequent floods. (6) Tilsworth. — In the rectory garden, which is said to have been formed out of the churchyard, there is a mound of considerable size, perhaps some 15 or 20 feet high, and flat on the top. Its western slope has been cut away in part to make room for a greenhouse, and from this a brick tunnel is formed in the heart of the mound. During the work for this tunnel a sword is said to have been found, which has not at present been traced. Other lines towards a stream on the east can be seen, but much broken and reduced. {b) WORKS WITH SEMI-GLOBULAR MOUNDS (1) Cainhoe Castle near Clophill. — This strong little work stands on a spur of high ground artificially scarped on the north down towards a small stream which partly envelops it, in old days probably making much marsh around it. The site is commanded by a superior height about 80 yards to the eastward. This may point to the construc- tion of the place before the common use of siege engines. The central mound is small compared with those already described, but its rounded shape rises well above all the rest of the defences, and it is surrounded by a deep fosse some 40 feet wide, except to the north, where it turns out into the steep scarp. This fosse could therefore never have held water. There are two considerable wards to the east and south, facing the superior heights, divided by a fosse which also continues along the greater part of this frontage, which is defended by a strong rampart. The entrance appears to have been on the west side, where the ground slopes up to a re-entering angle, between a small mounded pro- jection on the north and a large rounded platform, about 1 00 feet across, on the south. There are no signs of ramparts on either, but when stockaded they completely commanded the approach. They are separated from the mound and south ward by the interior moats, and are joined together at the rear by a small platform, slightly lower, which blocked the approach and may have formed the abutment for a flying bridge of 1 Mag. Brit. i. 156. 2 Ibid. p. 34. 3 Vol. xvi. (1882), 251. The plan forms the basis of the one produced. 291