Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 99 Part 1.djvu/238

 99 STAT. 216

PUBLIC LAW 99-83—AUG. 8, 1985 "(h) The Congress recognizes that, in addition to their role in social and economic development, cooperatives provide an opportunity for people to participate directly in democratic decisionmaking. Therefore, assistance under this chapter shall be provided to rural and urban cooperatives which offer large numbers of low- and middle-income people in developing countries an opportunity to participate directly in democratic decisionmaking. Such assistance shall be designed to encourage the adoption of self-help, private sector cooperative techniques and practices which have been successful in the United States.".

22 USC 2151u note.

SEC. 311. USE OF PRIVATE AND VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS, COOPERATIVES, AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR.

(a) STUDY.—The Administrator of the Agency for International Development shall undertake a comprehensive study of additional ways to provide development assistance through nongovernmental organizations, including United States and indigenous private and voluntary organizations, cooperatives, the business community, and other private entities. Such study shall include— (1) an analysis of the percentage of development assistance allocated to governmental and nongovernmental programs; (2) an analysis of structural impediments, within both the United States and foreign governments, to additional use of nongovernmental programs; and (3) an analysis of the comparative economic benefits of governmental and nongovernmental programs. (b) REPORT.—The Administrator shall report the results of this study to the Congress no later than September 30, 1986. SEC. 312. TARGETED ASSISTANCE.

(a) REQUIREMENTS.—Section 128 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is amended to read as follows: President of U.S. "SEC. 128. TARGETED ASSISTANCE.—(a) The President shall use Disadvantaged poverty measurement standards, such as those developed by the persons. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and other appropriate measurements in determining target populations for United States development assistance, and shall strengthen United States efforts to assure that a substantial percentage of development assistance under this chapter directly improves the lives of the poor majority, with special emphasis on those individuals living in absolute poverty. Research and "(b) To the maximum extent possible, activities under this chapter development. that attempt to increase the institutional capabilities of private organizations or governments, or that attempt to stimulate scientific and technological research, shall be designed and monitored to ensure that the ultimate beneficiaries of these activities are the poor majority.". (b) ANNUAL REPORTS.—Section 634(a)(1)(B) of such Act is amended 22 USC 2394. by inserting immediately before the semicolon the following: ", such assessment to include an evaluation of the extent to which programs under chapter 1 of part I directly benefit the poor majority'. 22 USC 2151. 22 USC 2151z.

SEC. 313. HOUSING AND OTHER GUARANTY PROGRAMS. 22 USC 2182.

(a) INCREASING AUTHORIZED H I G PROGRAM LEVEL.—Section 222(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is amended by striking out "$1,958,000,000" in the second sentence and inserting in lieu thereof "$2,158,000,000".

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