Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 123.djvu/1486

 123STA T . 1 46 6 PUBLIC LA W 111 – 13 — AP R .21 , 2 0 0 9termins e c ti o n 3 3 0(b) (3) o f t h e Pu b l ic H e a lth S er v ice A ct( 42U. S. C .2 5 4b(b)(3)). ‘ ‘(4 1 ) NATIVE A M E R I C A N-S ERVIN G, N O NTRI B A L INSTIT U TION. —T he term ‘Native American-servin g , nontribal institution ’ has the meaning given the term in section 31 9 (b) of the Higher Ed ucation Act of 19 6 5 (20 U.S.C. 1059f(b)). ‘‘(42) NATIVE H A W AIIAN-SERVING INSTITUTION.—The term ‘Native Ha w aiian-serving institution’ has the meaning given the term in section 31 7 (b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059d(b)). ‘‘(43) PRE D OMINANTL Y BLAC K INSTITUTION.—The term ‘Predominantl yB lac kI nstitution’ has the meaning given the term in section 31 8 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059e). ‘‘(44) PRINCI P LES O F SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH.—The term ‘ p rin- ciples of scientific research’ means principles of research that— ‘‘(A) apply rigorous, systematic, and ob j ective method- ology to obtain reliable and valid knowledge relevant to the subject matter involved ‘‘(B) present findings and make claims that are appro- priate to, and supported by, the methods that have been employed; and ‘‘(C) include, appropriate to the research being con- ducted— ‘‘(i) use of systematic, empirical methods that draw on observation or e x periment; ‘‘(ii) use of data analyses that are ade q uate to support the general findings; ‘‘(iii) reliance on measurements or observational methods that provide reliable and generali z able findings; ‘‘(iv) strong claims of causal relationships, only with research designs that eliminate plausible com- peting explanations for observed results, such as, but not limited to, random-assignment experiments; ‘‘(v) presentation of studies and methods in suffi- cient detail and clarity to allow for replication or, at a minimum, to offer the opportunity to build systemati- cally on the findings of the research; ‘‘(vi) acceptance by a peer-reviewed journal or cri- tique by a panel of independent experts through a comparably rigorous, objective, and scientific review; and ‘‘(vii) consistency of findings across multiple studies or sites to support the generality of results and conclusions. ‘‘(45) Q UALIFIED ORGANI Z ATION.—The term ‘qualified organization’ means a public or private nonprofit organization with experience working with school-age youth that meets such criteria as the Chief Executive O fficer may establish. ‘‘(46) SCIENTIFICALLY VALID RESEARCH.—The term ‘scientif- ically valid research’ includes applied research, basic research, and field-initiated research in which the rationale, design, and interpretation are soundly developed in accordance with prin- ciples of scientific research.