Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 117.djvu/724

 PUBLIC LAW 108–23—MAY 19, 2003

117 STAT. 705

(9) more than 300 species of plants, including 37 significant species, have been identified in the aquatic and wetland habitats of the western basin; (10) the shallow western basin of Lake Erie, extending from the Lower Detroit River to Sandusky Bay, is home to the greatest concentration of marshes in Lake Erie, including— (A) Mouille, Metzger, and Magee marshes; (B) the Maumee Bay wetland complex; (C) the wetland complexes flanking Locust Point; and (D) the wetland in Sandusky Bay; (11) the larger islands of the United States in western Lake Erie have wetland in small embayments; (12) the wetland in the western basin comprises some of the most important waterfowl habitat in the Great Lakes; (13) waterfowl, wading birds, shore birds, gulls and terns, raptors, and perching birds use the wetland in the western basin for migration, nesting, and feeding; (14) hundreds of thousands of diving ducks stop to rest in the Lake Erie area during autumn migration from Canada to points east and south; (15) the wetland of the western basin provides a major stopover for ducks, such as migrating bufflehead, common goldeneye, common mergansers, and ruddy duck; (16) the international importance of Lake Erie is indicated in the United States by congressional designation of the Ottawa and Cedar Point National Wildlife Refuges; (17)(A) Lake Erie has an international reputation for walleye, perch, and bass fishing, recreational boating, birding, photography, and duck hunting; and (B) on an economic basis, tourism in the Lake Erie area accounts for an estimated $1,500,000,000 in retail sales and more than 50,000 jobs; (18)(A) many of the 417,000 boats that are registered in the State of Ohio are used in the western basin, in part to fish for the estimated 10,000,000 walleye that migrate from the lake to spawn; and (B) that internationally renowned walleye fishery drives much of the $2,000,000,000 sport fishing industry in the State of Ohio; (19) coastal wetland in the western basin has been subjected to intense pressure for 150 years; (20) prior to 1850, the western basin was part of an extensive coastal marsh and swamp system consisting of approximately 122,000 hectares that comprised a portion of the Great Black Swamp; (21) by 1951, only 12,407 wetland hectares remained in the western basin; (22) 50 percent of that acreage was destroyed between 1972 and 1987, leaving only approximately 5,000 hectares in existence today; (23) along the Michigan shoreline, coastal wetland was reduced by 62 percent between 1916 and the early 1970s; (24) the development of the city of Monroe, Michigan, has had a particularly significant impact on the coastal wetland at the mouth of the Raisin River;

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