Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 116 Part 2.djvu/723

 PUBLIC LAW 107-245—OCT. 21, 2002 116 STAT. 1505 to increase the tempo and lethality of the war against the areas outside of its control. (9) By regularly banning air transport relief flights by the United Nations relief operation OLS, the Government of Sudan has been able to manipulate the receipt of food aid by the Sudanese people from the United States and other donor countries as a devastating weapon of war in the ongoing effort by the Government of Sudan to starve targeted groups and subdue areas of Sudan outside of the Government's control. (10) The acts of the Government of Sudan, including the acts described in this section, constitute genocide as defined by the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (78 U.N.T.S. 277). (11) The efforts of the United States and other donors in delivering relief and assistance through means outside of OLS have played a critical role in addressing the deficiencies in OLS and offset the Government of Sudan's manipulation of food donations to advantage in the civil war in Sudan. (12) While the immediate needs of selected areas in Sudan facing starvation have been addressed in the near term, the population in areas of Sudan outside of the control of the Government of Sudan are still in danger of extreme disruption of their ability to sustain themselves. (13) The Nuba Mountains and many areas in Bahr al Ghazal and the Upper Nile and the Blue Nile regions have been excluded completely from relief distribution by OLS, consequently placing their populations at increased risk of famine. (14) At a cost which has sometimes exceeded $1,000,000 per day, and with a primary focus on providing only for the immediate food needs of the recipients, the current international relief operations are neither sustainable nor desirable in the long term. (15) The ability of populations to defend themselves against attack in areas outside of the control of the Government of Sudan has been severely compromised by the disengagement of the front-line states of Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Uganda, fostering the belief among officials of the Government of Sudan that success on the battlefield can be achieved. (16) The United States should use all means of pressure available to facilitate a comprehensive solution to the war in Sudan, including— (A) the multilateralization of economic and diplomatic tools to compel the Government of Sudan to enter into a good faith peace process; (B) the support or creation of viable democratic civil authority and institutions in areas of Sudan outside of government control; (C) continued active support of people-to-people reconciliation mechanisms and efforts in areas outside of government control; (D) the strengthening of the mechanisms to provide humanitarian relief to those areas; and (E) cooperation among the trading partners of the United States and within multilateral institutions toward those ends.

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