Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 115 Part 3.djvu/345

 PUBLIC LAW 107-133^JAN. 17, 2002 115 STAT. 2419 (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking "of title IV of the Social Security Act"; and (B) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking "of title IV of such Act"; and (2) in subsection (c)(2), by striking "section 430(d)(2) of the Social Security Act" and inserting "section 436(b)(2) (and the amount, if any, reserved pursuant to section 437(b)(2))". (e) TRANSFER AND REDESIGNATION.—Section 13712 of such Act 42 USC 629h. (42 U.S.C. 670 note), as amended by the preceding provisions of this section, is redesignated as section 438 and is transferred to the end of subpart 2 of part B of title IV of the Social Security Act. Subtitle B—Mentoring Children of Prisoners SEC. 121. PROGRAM AUTHORIZED. Subpart 2 of part B of title IV (42 U.S.C. 629-629e) is further amended by adding at the end the following: "SEC. 439. GRANTS FOR PROGRAMS FOR MENTORING CHILDREN OF 42 USC 629i. PRISONERS. " (a) FINDINGS AND PURPOSE. — "(1) FINDINGS.— "(A) In the period between 1991 and 1999, the number of children with a parent incarcerated in a Federal or State correctional facility increased by more than 100 percent, from approximately 900,000 to approximately 2,000,000. In 1999, 2.1 percent of all children in the United States had a parent in Federal or State prison. "(B) Prior to incarceration, 64 percent of female prisoners and 44 percent of male prisoners in State facilities lived with their children. "(C) Nearly 90 percent of the children of incarcerated fathers live with their mothers, and 79 percent of the children of incarcerated mothers live with a grandparent or other relative. "(D) Parental arrest and confinement lead to stress, trauma, stigmatization, and separation problems for children. These problems are coupled with existing problems that include poverty, violence, parental substance abuse, high-crime environments, intrafamilial abuse, child abuse and neglect, multiple care givers, and/or prior separations. As a result, these children often exhibit a broad variety of behavioral, emotional, health, and educational problems that are often compounded by the pain of separation. "(E) Empirical research demonstrates that mentoring is a potent force for improving children's behavior across all risk behaviors affecting health. Quality, one-on-one relationships that provide young people with caring role models for future success have profound, life-changing potential. Done right, mentoring markedly advances youths' life prospects. A widely cited 1995 study by Public/Private Ventures measured the impact of one Big Brothers Big Sisters program and found significant effects in the lives of youth— cutting first-time drug use by almost half and first-time

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