Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 112 Part 1.djvu/170

 112 STAT. 144 PUBLIC LAW 105-178^JUNE 9, 1998 that reduce emissions of air pollutants from motor vehicles, and other capital investments associated with the project; "(B) shall include only the incremental cost of an alternative fueled vehicle, as compared to a conventionally fueled vehicle, that would otherwise be borne by a private party; and "(C) shall apply other governmental financial purchase contributions in the calculation of net incremental cost. " (5) PROHIBITION ON FEDERAL PARTICIPATION WITH RESPECT TO REQUIRED ACTIVITIES.—^A Federal participation pa3anent under this subsection may not be made to an entity to fund an obligation imposed under the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.) or any other Federal law.". 23 USC 149 note. (2) DETERMINATION BY THE SECRETARY. —For the purposes of section 149(c) of title 23, United States Code, the Secretary shall determine in accordance with the procedures specified in section 149(b) of such title whether water-phased hydrocarbon fuel emulsion technologies that consist of a hydrocarbon base and water in an amount not less than 20 percent by volume that reduce emissions of hydrocarbon, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, or nitrogen oxide from motor vehicles. 23 USC 149 note. (e) STUDY OF CMAQ PROGRAM.— Contracts. (1) IN GENERAL. —The Secretary and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall enter into arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences to complete, by not later than January 1, 2001, a study of the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program under section 149 of title 23, United States Code. The study shall, at a minimum— (A) evaluate the air quality impacts of emissions from motor vehicles; (B) evaluate the negative effects of traffic congestion, including the economic effects of time lost due to congestion; (C) determine the amount of funds obligated under the program and make a comprehensive analysis of the types of projects funded under the program; (D) evaluate the emissions reductions attributable to projects of various types that have been funded under the program; (E) assess the effectiveness, including the quantitative and nonquantitative benefits, of projects funded under the program and include, in the assessment, an estimate of the cost per ton of pollution reduction; (F) assess the cost effectiveness of projects funded under the program with respect to congestion mitigation; (G) compare— (i) the costs of achieving the air pollutant emissions reductions achieved under the program; to (ii) the costs that would be incurred if similar reductions were achieved by other measures, including pollution controls on stationary sources; (H) include recommendations on improvements, including other types of projects, that will increase the overall effectiveness of the program; (I) include recommendations on expanding the scope of the program to address traffic-related pollutants that,

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