Page:United States Army Field Manual 3-13 Information Operations.djvu/35

 lnfomutiun Opnnitinns Elnmants and Ranma Activitin • Influencing adversaries. Cornmaudexs must be able rn back up mes- sages intended tn influenza advuismies with the truth. • Counterprcpaganda. One PSYOP unit responsibility is in conduct counterpmpagunda programs. Counterpropaganda is discussed as a separate IO element. • Timo constraints. Sonic PSYOP effects require more time to achieve than others. For example, changing the mind-sct<>fadvcrsn1y ducisicnmzik— ers tukes longer than intlucmzing nn adversary tc mrnmit lhnws in response tu u deception story. In addition, nsecssing the effects of PSYOP designed to produce intangible results generally requires more time than assessing those designed to pmduce tangible results, . Accessibility of potential target audiences. The target audience may be beyond the limits of military PSYOP targeting methods due to physical or policy mstrictriuns. Conversely, commanders must ensure their PSYOP effects are limited to their area cf uperntinns (AO). PSYOP tha: may cause ntibcts bcynnd the AO me coordinated with the uftectcd units or higher h¢>ndqua1·tei·s. • Logistic requirements for PSYOP. Print and multi media requirev ments must be taken into consideration. Producing PSYOP products may increase requirements for paper, ink, magnetic media, and other printing supplies. 215. The following are examples of how strategic, uporuticnal, and tactical PSYOP ibmcs can support both national and in-theater objectives. Cum- mandcrs conduct PSYOP concurrently at stratuyia n}M1l·at.iun2i1, and tactical levels. • Strategic. Strategic PSYOP use radio, television, and various forms nf printed pmducts. They can intluuncc adversary civil pnpulatiuns tir- · Deny or lessen support for their government. · Move (usually not the desirable action) or stay in place. · Actively oppose their governments actions. • Operational. Operational PSYOP uses radio, tclexdsirin, and varimis forms of printed pmducts. Tlxcy can influence adversary civil popula- tions RP · Stimulate support of opposition elements within the adversary force. · Support resistance activities. • Encourage disnftccticm of adversary. • Tactical. Tactical PSYOP seeks to influence PSYOP targets directly. lt uses face-tofhce, limited production printed products and lcudspeakv ers. Tactical PSYOP can— · Influence adversary civil populations not to interfere with friendly §>rce Efforts. · Induce •.·0cperatir>n cr xeduce active oppnsitiun. · Reduce mllatuml damage by giving instructions tu noncombatams in the combat zone. 2-ifi. Both strategic and tactical PSYOP ibrces can increase the cooperation of civil authorities and populace with friendly threes. Some examples are- 2-5