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52 plants, withdrew and were chartered by the American Federation of Labor as directly affiliated local unions, thus dividing jurisdiction over this class of workers between affiliated and independent organizations.

Organizations in the metal and machinery industry are:

Automobile, Aircraft, and Vehicle Workers of America, United

Not affiliated to the American Federation of Labor.

Organized in 1918. This organization was originally the International Union of Carriage and Wagon Workers, which organized in 1891 and affiliated to the American Federation of Labor in 1893.

When the industry in which the union functioned changed from carriage and wagon making to automobile manufacture, the union endeavored to change with it. By a resolution introduced into the American Federation of Labor convention of 1910 the carriage and wagon workers sought an extension of jurisdiction to cover the automobile industry, carrying with it the addition of the word "automobile" to the name of the organization.

At a conference of the heads of the American Federation of Labor and the craft unions interested, held in April, 1911, an agreement was reached by which the International Union of Carriage and Wagon Workers, already an industrial union, could proceed with the organization of the automobile factories without interference from the craft unions. The carriage and wagon workers' union was to accept the cards of the craft men who desired to transfer their membership and was to concede the right of the craft unionists to remain in their respective organizations if they so preferred.

In the 1912 convention of the American Federation of Labor the Brotherhood of Blacksmiths charged the carriage and wagon