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Rh where such is required. * * * No person who is a member of any organization opposed to organized labor may be admitted to membership."

Apprenticeship regulations. — Determined by legislation in States which require that an engineer be licensed. No apprenticeship required in work for which no license is demanded.

Agreements. — Negotiated by local unions with local employers upon terms approved by the general executive board prior to negotiation.

Benefits. — Strike.

Official organ. — The International Engineer.

Headquarters.— 1003 K Street NW., Washington, D. C.

Organization. — Local unions: United States — Alabama, 2; Arizona, 2; California, 18; Colorado, 6; Connecticut, 2; District of Columbia, 4; Florida, 4; Georgia, 4; Illinois, 35; Indiana, 8; Iowa, 5; Kansas, 1; Kentucky, 3; Louisiana, 3; Maine, 2; Maryland, 2; Massachusetts, 13; Michigan, 4: Minnesota, 8; Missouri, 6; Montana, 8; Nebraska, 4; New Jersey, 9; New Mexico, 1; New York, 27; North Carolina, 1; North Dakota, 1; Ohio, 39; Oklahoma, 4; Oregon, 4; Pennsylvania, 12; Rhode Island, 2; Tennessee, 4; Texas, 12; Utah, 1; Virginia, 1; Washington, 8; West Virginia, 3; Wisconsin, 5. Canal Zone, 1. Canada — Alberta, 4; British Columbia, 5; Manitoba, 2; Ontario, 18; Quebec, 1. Total, 303.

Membership.— 36,000.

Granite Cutters' International Association of America, The

Affiliated to the American Federation of Labor.

Organized at Rockland, Me., on March 10, 1877. Organization of granite cutters began as early as 1820, but continued purely local in character until 1877, when the local unions then in existence met in Rockland, Me., and established the Granite Cutters' National Union. Jurisdiction was subsequently extended to Canada, and since 1905 the organization has been known as The Granite Cutters' International Association of America.

Objects. — " The objects of this association are: To encourage a regular apprentice system and a higher standard of skill ; to cultivate feelings of friendship among the craft; to assist each other to secure employment; to reduce the hours of daily labor; to discourage piecework as tending to degrade the trade; to secure adequate pay for our work; to furnish aid in case of death and to assist, to the best of our ability, disabled members; to endeavor by legal and proper means to elevate the moral, intellectual and social conditions of our members, and to improve the trade."

Territorial jurisdiction. — United States and Canada.

Trade jurisdiction. — "It is hereby declared and set forth that the Granite Cutters' International Association of America claims the right of jurisdiction over cutting, carving, dressing, lettering and all metal lettering, sand-blasting, sawing and setting aU granite (natural and artificial) and hard stone on which granite cutters' tools are used. This includes from the roughest of street work and rock-faced ashlar to the finest of molded work, carving statuary, machine cutting, turning, rubbing, polishing or dressing, sandblasting, including work of preparing and placing of composition necessary, sawing and setting of any kind of granite (natural and artificial) and other hard stone on which granite cutting tools or machines are used, and making up, sharpening or dressing such tools either by hand or machine."

Government. — 1. General executive council, composed of five granite cutters (one from each zone), one polisher, one tool sharpener, and the international president, is the executive and administrative power.

2. Branch associations: Subordinate; dues, officers, officers' salaries, etc., determined by international constitution.

3. Referendum: All general officers elected by referendum; international association business submitted to branches for action monthly.

4. Convention: On referendum call only; constitutional amendments by convention, except that la "extreme emergency" amendments may be made by referendum.