Page:Truth and Error (1898).djvu/23

 from the company; and the same is true of all the units in the hierarchy.

These units of different orders have different properties of space; the platoon occupies more space in the field than the individual soldier; the company occupies more space than the platoon; the battalion more space than the company; and the same is true of the other units in the hierarchy. If we have two armies exactly alike in a hierarchy of units and spaces, then any two corresponding units and spaces in the hierarchy would be similar. In speaking of the bodies of the universe it is necessary sometimes to speak of the corresponding unit in the different bodies, and we call them substances. The oxygen in one molecule of water is the same in all molecules of water, and we call all units a substance. Every body of water is composed of molecules of water, and there are many bodies of water, and we call bodies of water a substance. We thus designate as one substance all like units of matter.

This is very simple. It is merely a statement of the resolution of more compound bodies into simpler bodies and of more compound substances into simpler substances. It is the dissection of bodies in parts and the analysis of substances into elements.

The ultimate particle found in any substance may be still further resolved in consideration. Every body, whether it be a stellar system or an atom of hydrogen, has certain fundamental characteristics found in all. These are number, space, motion and time, and if it be an animate body, judgment. They shall here be known as properties, and to them attention must now be turned.

Let us first consider with what things one inanimate