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Rh  civil progress, especially in a society framed on the model of a liberal government. Letter to the Bishop of Monreale Singularis, September 29th, 1864.

33. It does not appertain exclusively to the power of ecclesiastical jurisdiction by right, proper and innate, to direct the teaching of theological questions. Letter to the Archbishop of Munich, Dec. 21st, 1863.

34. The teaching of those who compare the Sovereign Pontiff to a Prince, free, and acting in the universal Church, is a doctrine which prevailed in the middle ages. Apostolic Letter Ad Apostolicæ, August 22nd, 1851.

35. There is nothing to prevent the decree of a General Council, or the act of all peoples, from transferring the Supreme Pontificate from the Bishop and City of Rome to another bishop and another city.

36. The definition of a National Council does not admit of any subsequent discussion, and the civil authority can assume this principle as the basis of its acts.

37. National Churches, withdrawn from the au thority of the Roman Pontiff and altogether separated, can be established. Allocution Multis gravibusque, Dec. 17th, 1860.

38. The Roman Pontiffs have, by their too arbitrary conduct, contributed to the division of the Church into Eastern and Western. Apostolic Letter Ad Apostolicæ, August 22nd, 1851.