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8 crown in the common gaol, condemned like a felon to forced labour; the other, Dr. Schulte, has been rewarded with a professorship at the University of Bonn!

Here I will conclude this Introduction with a short notice of this gentleman, Bishop Fessler's opponent, Dr. Schulte, whose name has so much prominence in the following pages; it is taken from M. Cosquin's introduction to the French translation.

'Dr. Schulte is a Westphalian by birth, up to the present time (1873) Professor of Canon and German Law at the University of Prague, and a short time since appointed by the Prussian Government to a chair at the University of Bonn. For a long time he enjoyed a well-earned reputation as a canonist, not only by reason of his erudition and the originality which distinguished his works, but also by his strict orthodoxy. The only reproach brought against his writings was their incompleteness, and the obscure form into which they were thrown. About the year 1862, tendencies to unsound doctrines manifested themselves in him, and from the year 1868 these tendencies became more and more pronounced. In 1869 his hand was thought to be seen in the odious compilation, the Pope and the Council, published under the assumed name of "Janus." Finally, at the commencement of 1871 he published under his own name the first of a number of pamphlets, by