Page:Tropical Diseases.djvu/908

852 the one case, the pig in the other—and by the habits of the people as regards cooking and conservancy. Echinococcus granulosus (= Tænia echinococcus) of the dog, and its cystic form—hydatids—are found wherever the dog and the sheep are found, that is practically everywhere. The broad tapeworm (Dibothriocephalus latus) is known to occur in Turkestan, in Japan (where the natives are in the habit of eating raw fish), in Madagascar, and among the natives on the shores of Lake 'Ngami, South Africa. Ichthyophagous habits are probably responsible for the occurrence of Diplogonoporus grandis, another

large dibothriocephalid found by Ijima and Kurimoto in a Japanese from the province of Higen.

The only cestodes of man which, so far as is known, have any claim to be regarded as more or less special to warm climates are T. africana, T. hominis, T. philippina, Hymenolepis nana, Davainea madagascariensis, D. asiatica, Sparganum mansoni, and S. proliferum. Doubtless there are other species which, so far, have escaped observation.

History.—Tænia africana was described by Linstow in 1900. It was found in German East Africa, in native soldiers stationed at Langenburg, near Lake Nyassa.

The parasite (Figs. 197-8).—T. africana differs considerably from the common unarmed tapeworm of man. Its strobila attains 1·4 metres in length, and is composed of about 600 proglottides. The scolex is quadrilateral, unarmed, very