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XXXVI] on his return to his own country. There is at least one well-authenticated example of this on record. Dr. Hawtrey Benson, in 1872, showed at the Medical Society of Dublin a leper, an Irishman, who had acquired his disease in the West Indies. After his return to Ireland he slept in the same bed as his brother, who, moreover, sometimes wore the leper's clothes. In time the brother, who had never been out of the United Kingdom, became a leper, and was shown to the same medical society in 1877. In this case there can be no question of fact or of diagnosis. Such a case can only be explained by contagion. Though not quite so well authenticated and conclusive, many similar instances of the communication of leprosy by contagion are on record. The case just mentioned is alone almost conclusive; for if leprosy is proved to be communicable by contagion in one case, the probabilities are that it is so acquired in every case.

It has been advanced against the contagiousness of leprosy, that it attacks a very small proportion only of the attendants, nurses, and doctors in leper asylums. But might not a similar objection be raised to the contagiousness of scabies or of ringworm? The conditions for successful contagion are known and can be easily avoided in the latter diseases; they are not known, and are therefore not invariably avoided in leprosy. All contagious diseases demand certain conditions for their diffusion. In some diseases these conditions are easily complied with and often concur; in other diseases they are with difficulty complied with and rarely concur. Leprosy belongs to the latter category.

Probably intimate personal contact, and certain concurrences in the -phases of the disease with special conditions in the health or physiological state of the recipient, are necessary for the successful communication and acquisition of leprosy. The simple implantation of the bacillus does not suffice; for, as already pointed out, of the many inoculations that have been made only one has any claim to be regarded as having been successful.